Table 1.
Characteristics of mothers during HAPO pregnancy and children at follow-up
| Characteristic | Overall n=4155 |
|---|---|
| Characteristics of mothers during HAPO pregnancy | |
| Age (years) | 29.89 ± 5.68 |
| Height (cm) | 161.65 ± 6.79 |
| Weight at OGTT (kg) | 71.77 ± 14.14 |
| BMI | 27.43 ± 4.91 |
| Gestational age at OGTT (weeks) | 27.60 ± 1.70 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 80.25 ± 7.88 |
| FPG level (mmol/l) | 4.49 ± 0.37 |
| 1 h PG level (mmol/l) | 7.40 ± 1.68 |
| 2 h PG level (mmol/l) | 6.15 ± 1.29 |
| Sum of PG z scores | −0.06 ± 2.31 |
| Ancestry group | |
| Asian | 1125 (27.1) |
| Black | 719 (17.3) |
| Hispanic | 465 (11.2) |
| White | 1773 (42.7) |
| Other | 73 (1.8) |
| Smoking during pregnancy | |
| No | 3978 (95.7) |
| Yes | 177 (4.3) |
| Alcohol intake during pregnancy | |
| No | 3872 (93.2) |
| Yes | 283 (6.8) |
| Parity (any prior delivery ≥20 weeks) | |
| No | 2010 (48.4) |
| Yes | 2145 (51.6) |
| Child characteristics at birth | |
| Gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 39.78 ± 1.19 |
| Birthweight (g) | 3371.39 ± 469.19 |
| SSF (mm) | 12.31 ± 2.55 |
| Cord C-peptide (nmol/l) | 0.33 ± 0.19 |
| Child characteristics at follow-up | |
| Age (years) | 11.36 ± 1.22 |
| Height (cm) | 148.52 ± 10.36 |
| Weight (kg) | 43.18 ± 13.57 |
| Sex | |
| Female | 2034 (49.0) |
| Male | 2121 (51.0) |
| Family history of diabetes | |
| No | 2255 (54.3) |
| Yes | 1896 (45.7) |
| Child outcomes at follow-up | |
| FPG level (mmol/l) | 5.00 ± 0.39 |
| 30 min PG level (mmol/l) | 7.80 ± 1.33 |
| 1 h PG level (mmol/l) | 6.83 ± 1.68 |
| 2 h PG level (mmol/l) | 5.97 ± 1.15 |
| Sum of glucose z scores | −0.01 ± 2.83 |
| Matsuda index | 33.15 ± 13.70 |
| Insulinogenic index | 0.14 ± 0.12 |
| oDI | 4.21 ± 3.97 |
Data are displayed as mean ± SD or n (%)