Table 2.

Associations of newborn measures with childhood glucose levels

Variable	Birthweight				SSF				Cord C-peptide
	βa	95% CI	p value		βa	95% CI	p value		βa	95% CI	p value
Fasting glucose (mmol/l)
Model 1	−0.008	−0.022, 0.006	0.271		−0.012	−0.024, 0.000	0.057		−0.004	−0.016, 0.008	0.535
Model 2	−0.015	−0.029, −0.001	0.041		−0.019	−0.031, −0.006	0.003		−0.011	−0.023, 0.001	0.067
30 min glucose (mmol/l)
Model 1	−0.074	−0.127, −0.020	0.007		−0.067	−0.112, −0.022	0.004		0.001	−0.046, 0.047	0.977
Model 2	−0.103	−0.157, −0.050	<0.001		−0.096	−0.142, −0.051	<0.001		−0.030	−0.078, 0.017	0.213
1 h glucose (mmol/l)
Model 1	−0.094	−0.162, −0.025	0.007		−0.094	−0.152, −0.035	0.002		−0.005	−0.064, 0.053	0.858
Model 2	−0.128	−0.197, −0.059	<0.001		−0.128	−0.187, −0.069	<0.001		−0.041	−0.100, 0.019	0.180
2 h glucose (mmol/l)
Model 1	−0.051	−0.098, −0.005	0.031		−0.036	−0.075, 0.004	0.080		0.003	−0.036, 0.042	0.887
Model 2	−0.069	−0.116, −0.022	0.004		−0.053	−0.093, −0.013	0.01		−0.016	−0.055, 0.024	0.441
Sum of glucose z scores
Model 1	−0.176	−0.284, −0.067	0.002		−0.166	−0.259, −0.073	<0.001		−0.011	−0.103, 0.081	0.816
Model 2	−0.252	−0.361, −0.143	<0.001		−0.242	−0.335, −0.148	<0.001		−0.091	−0.184, 0.003	0.058

Model 1 was adjusted for field centre, child age and sex, maternal variables at pregnancy OGTT (age, height, mean arterial pressure, parity [0 or 1+], smoking [yes/no], drinking alcohol [yes/no] and gestational age) and child’s family history of diabetes in first-degree relatives + maternal BMI at pregnancy OGTT. Model 2 was model 1 + maternal sum of glucose z scores at pregnancy OGTT

^aβ values for child continuous outcomes are reported for newborn birthweight, SSF and cord C-peptide higher by 1 SD