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Published in final edited form as: Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2020 Nov 27;120:111748. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111748

Figure 6. — (I) Osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. (A) Cumulative release profile of BMP-9 from the BMP-9 coated microparticles; initial burst release evident. (B) Sustained release scenario for BMP-9 while the gel acts as a reservoir of initial burst release of BMP-9 from microparticles. VEGF added to the gel blend also follows a sustained release profile, however, at a faster rate than BMP-9. (C) ALP activity of hMSCs seeded with gel scaffold with or without BMP-9 presence (B – BMP-9, V – VEGF, MPs – Microparticles, Gel – Gel blend only). (D, E, F) RT-PCR quantification of osteogenic markers (number of folds change). The red dotted line represents the reference level of MPs + Gel as control. (II) Calvarial bone defect (of size 3.5 mm in diameter) healing in a rat model. (A) Micro-CT images of bone healing in the bone defects.3D reconstruction of bone defect sites at 6 weeks and 12 weeks. (B) Quantitative analysis for bone volume in the defect site. * p value < 0.05 and ** p value < 0.001. Figure 6. (I) and (II) reprinted (adapted) with permission from [139]. Modifications: Changed numbering scheme to the uppercase alphabet in Figure 6. (I) and (II). Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society.

Figure 6. — (I) Osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. (A) Cumulative release profile of BMP-9 from the BMP-9 coated microparticles; initial burst release evident. (B) Sustained release scenario for BMP-9 while the gel acts as a reservoir of initial burst release of BMP-9 from microparticles. VEGF added to the gel blend also follows a sustained release profile, however, at a faster rate than BMP-9. (C) ALP activity of hMSCs seeded with gel scaffold with or without BMP-9 presence (B – BMP-9, V – VEGF, MPs – Microparticles, Gel – Gel blend only). (D, E, F) RT-PCR quantification of osteogenic markers (number of folds change). The red dotted line represents the reference level of MPs + Gel as control. (II) Calvarial bone defect (of size 3.5 mm in diameter) healing in a rat model. (A) Micro-CT images of bone healing in the bone defects.3D reconstruction of bone defect sites at 6 weeks and 12 weeks. (B) Quantitative analysis for bone volume in the defect site. * p value < 0.05 and ** p value < 0.001. Figure 6. (I) and (II) reprinted (adapted) with permission from [139]. Modifications: Changed numbering scheme to the uppercase alphabet in Figure 6. (I) and (II). Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society.