Table 4. Hazard ratios for overall survival.
| Bivariate (N=6,564) | Multivariate (N=6,471) | Propensity-matched (1:1) (N=788) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |||
| Age at diagnosis (per year) | 1.009 (1.006–1.012) | <0.0001 | 1.007 (1.003–1.010) | 0.0009 | 1.011 (0.998–1.025) | 0.1034 | ||
| Race | ||||||||
| White | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Black | 0.96 (0.87–1.05) | 0.3601 | 0.98 (0.90–1.08) | 0.7517 | 0.91 (0.61–1.38) | 0.6629 | ||
| Hispanic | 0.73 (0.62–0.86) | 0.0002 | 0.77 (0.65–0.92) | 0.0041 | 0.48 (0.07–3.48) | 0.4688 | ||
| Other | 0.75 (0.65–0.86) | <0.0001 | 0.78 (0.67–0.90) | 0.0006 | 0.77 (0.43–1.38) | 0.3757 | ||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Male | 1.27 (1.20–1.34) | <0.0001 | 1.24 (1.17–1.31) | <0.0001 | 1.09 (0.93–1.29) | 0.2973 | ||
| Insurance status | ||||||||
| Private | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Medicare | 1.20 (1.13–1.27) | <0.0001 | 1.04 (0.97–1.13) | 0.2736 | 0.89 (0.70–1.13) | 0.3340 | ||
| Medicaid | 1.21 (1.08–1.35) | 0.0009 | 1.23 (1.10–1.38) | 0.0004 | 1.30 (0.93–1.82) | 0.1262 | ||
| Uninsured | 1.18 (1.00–1.39) | 0.0552 | 1.15 (0.97–1.36) | 0.1116 | 2.16 (1.31–3.56) | 0.0025 | ||
| Other Gov’t | 1.15 (0.91–1.46) | 0.2377 | 1.10 (0.87–1.40) | 0.4102 | 0.76 (0.28–2.07) | 0.5854 | ||
| Unknown | 1.05 (0.90–1.23) | 0.5417 | 1.10 (0.93–1.30) | 0.2536 | 1.27 (0.59–2.71) | 0.5420 | ||
| Facility type | ||||||||
| Comprehensive | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Academic | 0.81 (0.76–0.87) | <0.0001 | 0.83 (0.77–0.88) | <0.0001 | 0.93 (0.76–1.14) | 0.4977 | ||
| Other | 1.00 (0.93–1.08) | 0.9029 | 1.01 (0.94–1.08) | 0.8348 | 0.97 (0.78–1.22) | 0.7981 | ||
| Charlson comorbidity | ||||||||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| 1 | 1.21 (1.14–1.29) | <0.0001 | 1.16 (1.09–1.24) | <0.0001 | 1.51 (1.22–1.87) | 0.0002 | ||
| 2 | 1.24 (1.11–1.39) | 0.0001 | 1.19 (1.07–1.33) | 0.0022 | 1.56 (0.90–2.70) | 0.1113 | ||
| ≥3 | 1.50 (1.24–1.80) | <0.0001 | 1.31 (1.09–1.58) | 0.0046 | 1.83 (0.75–4.50) | 0.1861 | ||
| Histology | ||||||||
| Adenocarcinoma | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Large cell | 1.61 (1.31–1.98) | <0.0001 | 1.49 (1.21–1.84) | 0.0002 | 1.66 (0.95–2.92) | 0.0769 | ||
| Non-small cell NOS | 1.36 (1.25–1.49) | <0.0001 | 1.31 (1.19–1.43) | <0.0001 | 1.83 (1.34–2.49) | <0.0001 | ||
| Squamous cell | 1.32 (1.19–1.46) | <0.0001 | 1.18 (1.07–1.31) | 0.0017 | 1.14 (0.67–1.94) | 0.6353 | ||
| Adenosquamous | 1.04 (0.76–1.42) | 0.7886 | 0.99 (0.72–1.35) | 0.9416 | 2.62 (0.63–10.88) | 0.1859 | ||
| Number of organs with metastases | . | |||||||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| 1 | 0.88 (0.83–0.93) | <0.0001 | 0.90 (0.84–0.96) | 0.0020 | 1.04 (0.85–1.27) | 0.6844 | ||
| 2 | 1.18 (1.09–1.28) | <0.0001 | 1.20 (1.10–1.31) | <0.0001 | 1.34 (1.03–1.73) | 0.0269 | ||
| 3 | 1.24 (1.06–1.45) | 0.0060 | 1.41 (1.20–1.65) | <0.0001 | 0.77 (0.37–1.60) | 0.4806 | ||
| 4 | 1.03 (0.63–1.68) | 0.9184 | 1.07 (0.64–1.78) | 0.8046 | N/A | N/A | ||
| Chemotherapy | . | |||||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 0.81 (0.73–0.90) | <0.0001 | 0.86 (0.77–0.96) | 0.0051 | 0.84 (0.50–1.42) | 0.5156 | ||
| Biologically effective doses (BED) | . | |||||||
| No RT | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||
| <39 | 1.63 (1.43–1.86) | <0.0001 | 1.67 (1.46–1.91) | <0.0001 | N/A | N/A | ||
| 39 | 1.24 (1.14–1.34) | <0.0001 | 1.20 (1.11–1.30) | <0.0001 | N/A | N/A | ||
| >39 | 1.05 (0.96–1.14) | 0.2974 | 0.99 (0.91–1.08) | 0.8553 | 0.89 (0.76–1.05) | 0.1526 | ||
| SBRT | 0.58 (0.43–0.78) | 0.0003 | 0.60 (0.44–0.81) | 0.0009 | N/A | N/A | ||
| Year of diagnosis | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) | <0.0001 | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) | 0.0005 | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 0.9452 | ||