Table 3. Studies of NIR-II fluorescent probes for HCC.
| References, year | Imaging modalities | Imaging systems of NIRF | Materials | Maximum SBR of NIRF, post-injection time | Margin detection information | Cell lines |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hu et al. (68), 2020 | NIRF | Self-built Integrated Visible and NIR-I/II Multispectral Imaging Instrument | ICG | 2.25±0.06ST (Mice), N/A; 2.43±1.16 (Patients), N/A | NMTP | HepG2 |
| Ding et al. (69), 2018 | NIRF | Series III 900/1700 Equipment (NIR-Optics Technologies Co.) | SCH4 | 7.2ST, 1 h | NMTP | HepG2 |
| Ren et al. (70), 2020 | NIRF/MRI | Self-built NIRF Imaging System | NaGdF4:Nd5%@NaGdF4@Lips | 2.1±0.83OT, N/A | PMTP | HCC patient specimen |
N/A, not available; ST, subcutaneous tumor; OT, orthotopic tumor; NMTP, negative margin targeting probe; PMTP, positive margin targeting probe; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; NIR, near-infrared; NIRF, near-infrared fluorescence.