Table 1.

Bias and MSE of the proposed causal direct effect (DE) and mediation effect (ME) estimators for various sample sizes and dimensions of the compositional mediators

		DE		ME
p	n	Bias	MSE	Bias	MSE
10	50	0.0016	0.0093	−0.0047	0.0091
	100	−0.0025	0.0043	0.0019	0.0047
	300	−0.0025	0.0013	−0.0013	0.0017
	500	−0.0016	0.0009	0.00021	0.0011
25	50	0.062	0.092	0.020	0.35
	100	0.026	0.053	0.019	0.22
	300	0.021	0.051	−0.010	0.16
	500	0.012	0.031	−0.0075	0.090
50	50	0.21	1.70	−0.43	1.00
	100	0.22	0.23	−0.081	0.30
	300	0.038	0.048	−0.026	0.13
	500	0.017	0.037	−0.0039	0.12