Table 4.
Engagement Principles (EP) and Definitions: Frequency and Percent Final Consensus (Round 5)
| EP Title | EP Titles | EP Definition | EP Definitions | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 18) | Stakeholder (n = 10) | Academic (n = 8) | Total (n = 18) | Stakeholder (n = 10) | Academic (n = 8) | ||
| 1. Focus on community perspectives and determinants of health | 17 (94.4%) | 10 (100.0%) | 7 (87.5%) | Community-engaged research addresses the concept of health from a holistic model that emphasizes physical, mental, and social well-being. It also emphasizes a community perspective on health that includes individual, social, economic, cultural, historical, and political factors as determinants of health and disease. | 16 (88.9%) | 10 (100.0%) | 6 (75%) |
| 2. Partner input is vital | 17 (94.4%) | 10 (100.0%) | 7 (87.5%) | Meaningful participation is achieved through the collective efforts of all partners contributing to the generation of ideas. All partners understand each other’s needs, goals, available resources, and capacity to develop and participate in community engagement activities. Structures and processes facilitate sharing information, decision-making power, and resources among partners. | 18 (100.0%) | 10 (100.0%) | 8 (100.0%) |
| 3. Partnership sustainability to meet goals and objectives | 17 (94.4%) | 10 (100.0%) | 7 (87.5%) | Community-engaged research involves a cyclical, iterative process that includes partnership development and maintenance, where communications between the community partner(s) and the academic researchers are ongoing and bidirectional to meet mutually agreed-upon goals and objectives. | 18 (100.0%) | 10 (100.0%) | 8 (100.0%) |
| 4. Foster co-learning, capacity building, and co-benefit for all partners | 18 (100.0%) | 10 (100.0%) | 8 (100.0%) | Community-engaged research is a co-learning and empowering process that facilitates all partners sharing and transferring knowledge, skills, capacity, and power so that findings and knowledge benefit all partners. It integrates knowledge and action for mutual benefit of all partners. There is a commitment to the integration of research results and community change efforts with the intention that involved partners will benefit. | 17 (94.4%) | 10 (100.0%) | 7 (87.5%) |
| 5. Build on strengths and resources within the community or patient population | 18 (100.0%) | 10 (100.0%) | 8 (100.0%) | Community-engaged research seeks to identify and build on strengths, assets, resources, opportunities, and relationships that exist within identified communities to address their communal concerns. All partners appreciate the complementary assets and resources that communities and patients may provide. | 17 (94.4%) | 10 (100.0%) | 7 (87.5%) |
| 6. Facilitate collaborative, equitable partnerships | 18 (100.0%) | 10 (100.0%) | 8 (100.0%) | Community partners and academic researchers share power and responsibility equitably. Diverse perspectives and populations are included in an equitable manner. Potential barriers to participation are addressed, communication and program activities are culturally appropriate, and all partners receive equal respect. Partners agree on who has access to research data and where the data will be stored. The academic researchers and the community partners commit to working in partnership toward achieving the study goals and to honor the commitments made to one another throughout the research process. | 18 (100.0%) | 10 (100.0%) | 8 (100.0%) |
| 7. Involve all partners in the dissemination process | 18 (100.0%) | 10 (100.0%) | 8 (100.0%) | The partners establish appropriate policies regarding ownership and dissemination of results. With partner agreement, findings are disseminated to all partners and beyond the partnership in understandable and respectful language. All partners are invited to review and be coauthors of publications and co-presenters at conferences as appropriate. | 18 (100.0%) | 10 (100.0%) | 8 (100.0%) |
| 8. Build and maintain trust in the partnership | 18 (100.0%) | 10 (100.0%) | 8 (100.0%) | Researchers and practitioners need to understand the cultural dynamics and history of specific groups and institutions in order to effectively identify ways to collaborate and to build respect and trust among all partners. This is an ongoing effort for all involved in the community engagement process and includes demonstrating one’s own trustworthiness and the ability to follow through on promises and commitment. | 18 (100.0%) | 10 (100.0%) | 8 (100.0%) |