Table 6.
Multifunctional oncofetal RNA-binding proteins
| Gene | Protein/RNP function | Target Genes | Biological consequences | Type of cancer | Expression in cancer | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| STAU2 | mRNA transport, localization, translation | KDM1A,1B,5B Kras, Wnt, PTEN, KLF6, VHL | chromatin reorganization, global histone methylation | mouse BCR-ABL, NUP98/HOXA9 CML, human BC CML, AML relapse, AML LSCs | upregulation | 52 |
| MSI2 | HSCs self-renewal, multilineage differentiation and engraftment | Ikzf2, Hoxa9, Myc, Meis1 | promoted self-renewal, LSCs survival | AML, K562 CML | upregulation | 76 |
| Tetraspanin 3 TSPAN3 | CXCR4-mediated chemokine responses | mouse AML, BC CML primary human AML | 78 | |||
| NUMB | Suppressed differentiation in BC CML | BC CML | 79, 80 | |||
| BCAT1 | reprogrammed cellular metabolism | CP CML, BC CML, de novo AML | 81 | |||
|
LIN28 LIN28B |
HSCs self-renewal, differentiation, ncRNA processing, mRNA stability and translation | KRAS, c-MYC, HMGA2, let-7 | promotes proliferation | CP, AP and BC CML | upregulation | 84 |
| miR-150 | suppresses miR-150 maturation, stimulates leukemogenesis | MLL-associated AML, 293T | 85 | |||
| LIN28A | pre-B-cell lineage | preleukemic state of highly invasive myeloid leukemia | miR-125b-driven mouse AML | Lin28A is suppressed by miR-125b | 86 | |
| IGF2BP1 | stemness, proliferation, metabolism, mRNA localization, cell adhesion | ETV6/RUNX1 | survival, proliferation | B-ALL | upregulation | 94 |
| IGF2BP1,3 | HOXB4, MYB, ALDH1A1 | leukemia stem cell properties | K562 CML, HL60 AML, 697 B-ALL | 99 | ||
| IGF2BP2 | n/a | poor prognosis | AML | 98 | ||
| IGF2BP3 | MYC, CDK6 | proliferation, survival, B-cell/myeloid programing | MLL-rearranged B-ALL | 95 |
Abbreviations used: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML); acute promyeloblastic leukemia (APL); acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL); acute lymphoblastic or lymphocytic (ALL); B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL); adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL); diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs); chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), chronic phase (CP), accelerated phase (AP), blast crisis (BC); chronic lymphoblastic or lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS); multiple myeloma (MM); hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); leukemia stem cell (LSC); wild type (WT); patient-derived xenograft (PDX); bone marrow (BM); hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSCs, HSPCs).