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. 2021 Feb 3;17:297–304. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S278422

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© 2021 Zhong et al.

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Effects of ECS and (2R,6R)-HNK on the learning of animals based on the Morris water maze results. This figure presents the results of the Morris water maze experiment after ECS treatment. A longer escape latency indicates worse learning performance. The final score was the mean escape latency from day 1 to day 5 of the Morris water maze experiment. *P<0.05 compared with the sham ECS group. ▲P<0.05, ▲▲P<0.01, compared with the ECS group. ▽▽P<0.01 compared with the (2R,6R)-HNK+ECS group. ΔP<0.05 compared with the 3-MA+(2R,6R)-HNK+ECS group. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, with the Bonferroni post hoc test. Bars represent the means ± SEMs; n=6 per group.

Abbreviations: ECS, electroconvulsive shock; (2R,6R)-HNK, (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine; 3-MA, 3-methyladenine; SMER28, small-molecule enhancer of rapamycin 28.