Table 5.
Study characteristics, studies M-W.
| References | Study design | Participants (N at start of trial in parenthesis) | Mean age | Sex | Inclusion criteria | Type of intervention in experimental condition | Type of intervention in control condition | Outcome | Measures | Follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monaghan and Blaszczynski (33)a | Naturalistic/RCT | 124 | 44.1 | 71.8% males | Regular gamblers | Dynamic: Informative vs. self-appraisal | Static pop-up without content | Behavior and Cognition | Behavior: Impact on real EGM-play, influence on session length, likelihood of taking a break, likelihood of cashing out prize, likelihood of leaving, within-session behavior; Cognition: Influence awareness, recall, within-session thoughts, disruption | 2 weeks follow-up |
| Rockloff et al. (48) | Lab/RCT | 107 | NR | 45 males; 62 females | Casual gamblers | Relevant pop-up messag | No pop-up | Behavior and Cognition | Behavior: Average bets, bets pr. minute, total trials, losses, skin conductance (SC); Cognition: Enjoyment | None |
| Stewart and Wohl (40) | Lab/RCT | 59 | 20.76 | 43 males; 16 females | University students | Monetary limit pop-up | No pop-up | Behavior and Cognition | Behavior: Adherence to self-proclaimed monetary limits; Cognition: Dissociation, craving to continue | None |
| Tabri et al. (38) | Lab/RCT | 88 | 55.13 | 54.5% females | Community gamblers | Monetary limit pop-ups: approaching limit vs. 90% of limit vs. 70% of limit | No pop-up | Behavior | Percentage of players who stopped gambling before reaching monetary limit | None |
| Wohl et al. (41)b) | Lab/RCT | 72 | 19.69 | 70.8% females | University students | Monetary limit pop-up | No pop-up | Behavior and Cognition | Behavior: Adherence to pre-set monetary limit; Cognition: Erroneous cognition, limit detection | None |
| Wohl et al. (67)c | Lab/RCT | 56 | 20.38 | 19 males; 37 females | Casual gamblers | HCI and PSD inspired pop-up(s) | Standard monetary limit pop-up | Behavior and Cognition | Behavior: Adherence to pre-set monetary limit, engagement with pop-up tool; Cognition: Dissociation | None |
HCI, Human Computer Interaction; PSD, Persuasive Systems Design.
Explanations of measures: Influence awareness=money spent, time, estimation of prize, understanding play, estimation of win/loss.
a
Study 2/2.
b
Study 1/2.
c
Study 2/2.