Table 1.
Incidence and Outcomes for COVID-19 AKI in Adult Patients.
| Study | Setting | Definition of AKI | Incidence of AKI | Need for KRT | Association with outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Noncritical care setting | |||||
| Guan et al.25 | Multicentre 552 hospitals 32 regions China |
KDIGO | 6/1099 (0.5%) | 0.8% | NR |
| Wang et al.17 | Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, China | NR | 2/102 | 0% | NR |
| Cheng et al.26 | Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China | KDIGO | 36/701 (5%) Stage 1: 2% Stage 2: 1% Stage 3: 2% |
NR | After adjustment for age, sex, disease severity, stage 2/3 AKI associated with mortality. |
| Xiao et al.23 | Hankou Hospital, Wuhan, China | KDIGO | 55/287 (19%) Stage 1: 14% Stage 2/3: 5% |
NR | Mortality: No AKI: 3% Stage 1: 7% Stage 2/3: 64% |
| Critical care setting | |||||
| Wang et al.18 | Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China | KDIGO | 86/344 (25%) Stage 1 or higher |
NR | Frequency of AKI (stage 1 or higher) according to outcome: Survivors: 2.8%, died: 60.2%. |
| Wang et al.17 | Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, China | NR | 3/36 (8%) | 6% | NR |
| Chen et al.19 | Jin Yin-tan Hospital, Wuhan, China | Need for CKRT | 9/23 (39%) | 39% | NR |
| Arentz et al.20 | Evergreen Hospital, Seattle, USA | KDIGO | 4/21 (19%) | NR | NR |
| Yang et al.22 | Jin Yin-tan Hospital, Wuhan, China | NR | 15/52 (29%) | NR | NR |
| ICNARC21 | All critical care units from England, Wales and Northern Ireland | Need for “renal support” | 1442/6027 (24%) | 20% | NR |
| Joseph et al29 | University Hospital, Paris, France | KDIGO | All ICU patients: 81/100 (81%) with AKI 44/81 stage 1 10/81 stage 2 27/81 stage 3 |
13/100 (13%) | 28/81 (35%) died with AKI. The severity of AKI was associated with mortality at day 28. |
| Chan et al28 | Mount Sinai COVID Informatics Center | KDIGO | All hospitalized: 1835/3993 (46%) with AKI Stage 1: 39% Stage 2: 19% Stage 3: 42% |
347/1835 (19%) | In-hospital mortality was 50% among patients with AKI. |
| Fisher et al30 | New York City health system |
KDIGO | All hospitalized: 1903/3345 (56%) Stage 1: 50% Stage 2: 20% Stage 3: 30% |
164 (4.9%) | In the COVID-19-positive cohort, in-hospital death was 33.7% in those with AKI compared with 9.3% in those without AKI. |
Source. Adapted from NephJC (http://www.nephjc.com/news/covidaki).
Note. AKI = acute kidney injury; KRT = kidney replacement therapy; KDIGO = Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes; NR = not reported; CKRT = continuous kidney replacement therapy; ICNARC = Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre.