. 2021 Jan 25;11:578318. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.578318

TABLE 1.

Clinical trials for herbs lowering serum uric acid.

Compounds/formula	Design	Disease	Sample size	T/C	Age (years)		Course of disease		Period	Dose regimen	Duration	Outcome	Side effect	References
Compounds/formula	Design	Disease	Sample size	T/C	T	C	T	C	Period	Dose regimen	Duration	Outcome	Side effect	References
Chuanhutongfeng mixture	RCT	Chronic gouty arthritis	165	58/55	51.10 ± 9.10	50.50 ± 8.90	9.87 ± 5.50	9.91 ± 5.42	2014.05–2015.02	125 ml, po, bid	8 weeks	sUA↓	Diarrhea	Wang et al. (2019b)
Yellow-dragon wonderful-seed formula	RCT	Gout	72	24/24	45.33 ± 9.86	49.21 ± 9.47	39.42 ± 29.00 months	42.96 ± 32.38 months	2012.03.12–2014.12.15	100 ml, po, tid	4 weeks	sUA↓	No side effect is found	Yu et al. (2018)
Yellow-dragon wonderful-seed formula + Gypsum Fibrosum	RCT	Gout	72	24/24	46.13 ± 10.75	49.21 ± 9.47	55.25 ± 36.58 months	42.96 ± 32.38 months	2012.03.12–2014.12.15	100 ml, po, tid	4 weeks	sUA↓	No side effect is found	Yu et al.(2018)
Compound tufuling oral-liquid	RCT	Gout	210	139/71	46.00 (21.00)	49.00 (19.00)	7.00 (9.00) years	5.00 (9.00) years	2012.06.09–2013.05.31	250 ml, po, bid	12 weeks	sUA↓	Leukopenia	Xie et al. (2017)
ZinutriK	RCT	HUA	16	16/16	59.00 ± 11.90		N/A	N/A	N/A	po	4 weeks	sUA↓	No side effect is found	Rozza et al. (2016)
The Chuanhu anti-gout mixture	RCT	Acute gouty arthritis	176	88/88	51.76 ± 13.21	53.82 ± 14.19	N/A	N/A	2011.09–2012.09	250 ml, po, qd	10 days	sUA↓	Diarrhea, nausea	Wang et al. (2014)
A series of tongfeng granule	RCT	Gout	90	60/30	54.10 ± 13.10	49.90 ± 14.20	55.30 ± 47.70 months	53.00 ± 47.30 months	2010.05–2011.12	Huzhang tongfeng granule: 12 g, po, bid; Yinlian tongfeng granule: 10 g, po, bid; Jinhuang Ointment: Ad us.ext, qd	12 weeks	sUA↓	Indigestion, change in frequency of urination and defecation	Zhou et al. (2013)
Xiezhuo chubi recipe	RCT	HUA	99	28/28	56.07 ± 17.62	53. 18 ± 16. 40	N/A	N/A	2009.05.01–2010.03.01	0.5 package, po, bid	20 days	sUA↓	No side effect is found	Zhang et al. (2011)
Retention enema of Chinese herbal medicine	RCT	HUA	78	40/38	51.50 ± 3.40	51.60 ± 3.30	5.40 ± 1.70 years	5.20 ± 1.90 years	2006.10–2007.12	150 ml for high enema for over 60 min, qd	6 weeks	sUA↓	No side effect is found	Chen et al. (2009)
Modified sanmiao powder	RCT	Chronic uric acid nephropathy	94	47/47	42.36 ± 15.11	44.76 ± 14.98	13.28 ± 10.63 years	14.32 ± 12.68 years	2002.06–2008.06	1 package, po, qd	12 weeks	sUA↓	ALT↑	Xiang et al. (2009)
Serial gout granules	RCT	Gout	60	30/30	52.67 ± 10.59	51.10 ± 8.43	6.49 ± 4.78 years	7.02 ± 4.86 years	2007.03–2008.03	Huzhang tongfeng granule: 12 g/package, po, bid; Yinlian tongfeng granule: 10 g/package, po,bid	12 weeks	sUA↓	Not mentioned	Zhang et al. (2009)

Data are presented a mean ± SD or a median (QR) for continuous variables and number for categorical variables. T, treatment group; C, control group; N/A: not available; sUA, serum uric acid, HUA, hyperuricemia.