Table 1.
Comparison of Demographic and Therapeutic Characteristics of the Two Study Groups (Recurrent Stroke or Not)
| Parameters | Recurrent Stroke | Unadjusted HR | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n=38 [14.7%]) | No (n=220 [85.3%]) | |||
| Demographics | ||||
| Female, n (%) | 10 (26.3) | 69 (31.4) | 0.801 (0.389–1.650) | 0.548 |
| Education level, n (%) | 0.858 (0.608–1.212) | 0.386 | ||
| College or above | 1 (2.6) | 13 (5.9) | ||
| Secondary | 7 (18.4) | 51 (23.2) | ||
| Primary | 15 (39.5) | 70 (31.8) | ||
| No education | 15 (39.5) | 86 (39.1) | ||
| Living alone, n (%) | 1 (2.6) | 2 (0.9) | 2.985 (0.409–21.763) | 0.281 |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 22.49 (21.48–23.88) | 23.15 (22.03–24.97) | 0.874 (0.755–1.012) | 0.072 |
| Dietary preferences, n (%) | ||||
| Sweet | 1 (2.6) | 2 (0.9) | 3.092 (0.424–22.544) | 0.265 |
| Salty | 5 (13.2) | 7 (3.2) | 3.198 (1.248–8.197) | 0.015 |
| Bland | 33 (86.8) | 213 (96.8) | 0.286 (0.112–0.734) | 0.009 |
| Greasy | 0 (0) | 2 (0.9) | 0.049 (0–364,198.870) | 0.709 |
| Daily fruit consumption (yes) | 14 (36.8) | 127 (57.7) | 0.467 (0.241–0.902) | 0.023 |
| Age, median (IQR), years | 63 (50.5–69.0) | 64 (55.0–72.0) | 0.987 (0.961–1.013) | 0.317 |
| Medical history | ||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 28 (73.7) | 155 (70.5) | 1.152 (0.560–2.372) | 0.700 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 19 (50.0) | 92 (41.8) | 1.349 (0.714–2.549) | 0.356 |
| History of dyslipidemia, n (%) | 16 (42.1) | 96 (43.6) | 0.928 (0.487–1.767) | 0.820 |
| IHD, n (%) | 4 (10.5) | 8 (3.6) | 2.544 (0.903–7.172) | 0.077 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 18 (47.4) | 63 (28.6) | 2.031 (1.075–3.841) | 0.029 |
| Drinking, n (%) | 5 (13.2) | 13 (5.9) | 2.090 (0.816–5.356) | 0.125 |
| Medications | ||||
| Antiplatelet, n (%) | 34 (89.5) | 194 (88.2) | 1.148 (0.407–3.236) | 0.794 |
| Antihypertensive, n (%) | 27 (71.1%) | 148 (67.3) | 1.179 (0.585–2.377) | 0.645 |
| Cholesterol-Reducer, n (%) | 35 (92.1) | 193 (87.7) | 1.582 (0.486–5.142) | 0.446 |
| Diabetic medication, n (%) | 17 (44.7) | 86 (39.1) | 1.233 (0.650–2.337) | 0.521 |
| Laboratory measures | ||||
| Hemoglobin A1C, mmol/L | 6.60 (5.68–8.60) | 6.20 (5.80–7.50) | 1.154 (0.991–1.344) | 0.065 |
| TG, median (IQR), mmol/L | 1.55 (1.08–2.00) | 1.40 (1.08–2.00) | 0.980 (0.747–1.284) | 0.882 |
| TC, median (IQR), mmol/L | 4.23±1.13 | 4.76±1.42 | 0.773 (0.608–0.984) | 0.037 |
| HDL, median (IQR), mmol/L | 0.90 (0.80–1.10) | 1.10 (0.90–1.30) | 0.260 (0.087–0.780) | 0.016 |
| LDL, mmol/L | 2.65 (2.00–3.20) | 2.90 (2.20–3.70) | 0.721 (0.515–1.009) | 0.056 |
| HCY, median (IQR), μmol/L | 15.50 (13.00–18.75) | 15.00 (12.60–19.10) | 1.010 (0.963–1.060) | 0.679 |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Injured vessel, n (%) | 0.846 (0.435–1.645) | 0.622 | ||
| Anterior circulation | 30 (78.9) | 174 (79.1) | ||
| Posterior circulation | 8 (21.1) | 36 (16.4) | ||
| Both anterior and posterior cerebral circulation | 0 (0) | 10 (4.5) | ||
| CAB, n (%)11 | 0.649 (0.307–1.371) | 0.258 | ||
| <50% stenosis | 12 (31.6) | 124 (56.4) | ||
| 50–99% stenosis | 17 (44.7) | 61 (27.7) | ||
| Occlusion | 9 (23.7) | 35 (15.9) | ||
| Blood pressure classification, n (%) | 1.136 (0.875–1.475) | 0.338 | ||
| Normal | 10 (26.3) | 77 (35.0) | ||
| Grade 1 | 4 (10.5) | 17 (7.7) | ||
| Grade 2 | 10 (26.3) | 59 (26.8) | ||
| Grade 3 | 14 (36.8) | 67 (30.5) | ||
| Sleep well, n (%) | 25 (65.8) | 186 (84.5) | 0.396 (0.202–0.774) | 0.007 |
| Admission NIH Stroke Scale, median (IQR) | 3 (2–8) | 4 (2–7) | 0.988 (0.897–1.089) | 0.814 |
| Physical exercise, n (%) | 21 (55.3) | 153 (69.5) | 0.562 (0.297–1.066) | 0.078 |
| Housework, n (%) | 7 (18.4) | 79 (35.9) | 0.422 (0.186–0.958) | 0.039 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CAB, cerebral atherosclerosis burden; HCY, homocysteine; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HR, hazard ratio; IHD, ischemic heart disease; IQR, interquartile range; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.