Table 2.
Impact of historical air pollution exposure on cases of COVID-19.
| Confirmed COVID-19 cases |
Severe COVID-19 cases |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Covariates | Coefficient (95%CI) | std | P | Coefficient (95%CI) | std | P |
| NO2 | 0.378（0.238,0.52） | 0.072 | <0.001 | 0.263(0.117,0.408) | 0.074 | <0.001 |
| Intercept | −1.697（-3.436,0.021） | 0.882 | 0.055 | −1.919(-3.437,-0.401) | 0.771 | 0.013 |
| Inflow from Wuhan | 0.007（0.007,0.008） | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.016(0.013,0.019) | 0.002 | <0.001 |
| Within-city movements | −1.14（-1.382,-0.901） | 0.123 | <0.001 | −0.853(-1.098,-0.609) | 0.124 | <0.001 |
| Peak of inflow from Wuhan | 0.175（0.133,0.218） | 0.022 | <0.001 | 0.086(0.043,0.13) | 0.022 | <0.001 |
| Mean temperature of coldest quarter | −0.023（-0.045,-0.001） | 0.011 | 0.040 | 0.006(-0.014,0.027) | 0.010 | 0.528 |
| Relatively humidity | 0.048（0.029,0.067） | 0.010 | <0.001 | 0.028(0.012,0.045) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
| Illiteracy rate | 0.053（0.014,0.09） | 0.019 | <0.001 | 0.0188(-0.017,0.055) | 0.018 | 0.305 |
| PM2.5 | 0.323（0.225,0.424） | 0.051 | <0.001 | 0.157(0.063,0.252) | 0.048 | 0.001 |
| Intercept | −1.237（-2.841,0.329） | 0.809 | 0.128 | −1.313(-2.689,0.062) | 0.699 | 0.061 |
| Inflow from Wuhan | 0.007（0.006,0.007） | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.015(0.012,0.018) | 0.002 | <0.001 |
| Within-city movements | −1.376（-1.617,-1.139） | 0.122 | <0.001 | −0.961(-1.192,-0.731) | 0.117 | <0.001 |
| Peak of inflow from Wuhan | 0.137（0.096,0.179） | 0.021 | <0.001 | 0.077(0.033,0.121) | 0.022 | 0.001 |
| Mean temperature of coldest quarter | −0.003（-0.027,0.022） | 0.012 | 0.790 | 0.01(-0.01,0.03) | 0.010 | 0.329 |
| Relatively humidity | 0.052（0.032,0.071） | 0.010 | <0.001 | 0.026(0.01,0.042) | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Illiteracy rate | 0.049（0.008,0.087） | 0.020 | 0.016 | 0.019(-0.017,0.056) | 0.018 | 0.293 |
| PM10 | 0.142（0.079,0.205） | 0.032 | <0.001 | 0.0643(0.006,0.122) | 0.032 | <0.001 |
| Intercept | −1.183（-3.023,0.609） | 0.927 | 0.203 | −1.183(-2.861,0.217) | 0.927 | 0.203 |
| Inflow from Wuhan | 0.007（0.006,0.007） | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.007(0.012,0.018) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Within-city movements | −1.346（-1.604,-1.092） | 0.131 | <0.001 | −1.346(-1.208,-0.742) | 0.131 | <0.001 |
| Peak of inflow from Wuhan | 0.148（0.104,0.194） | 0.023 | <0.001 | 0.148(0.037,0.126) | 0.023 | <0.001 |
| Mean temperature of coldest quarter | −0.009（-0.033,0.016） | 0.013 | 0.455 | −0.009(-0.011,0.03) | 0.013 | 0.455 |
| Relatively humidity | 0.054（0.032,0.076） | 0.011 | <0.001 | 0.054(0.012,0.046) | 0.011 | <0.001 |
| Illiteracy rate | 0.046（0.003,0.086） | 0.021 | 0.033 | 0.046(-0.021,0.053) | 0.021 | 0.033 |
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; PM2.5, particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm; PM10, particulate matter ≤ 10 μm; NO2, nitrogen dioxide; CI, confidence interval.