Figure 2.

PFKFB3 regulates glycolytic activity and EC angiogenesis

Cells were transfected with the vector, PFKFB3 plasmid, si-NC, or si-PFKFB3. (A and B) The extracellular lactate production and the cellular levels of ATP, NADPH, and ROS were measured in ECs. (C and D) The proliferation of ECs was determined using CCK-8 assays. (E and F) The cell cycle phases of ECs were determined using flow cytometry. (G and H) The migration of ECs was determined using Transwell assays. (I and J) Tube formation of ECs was determined using tube-formation assays. (K and L) Filopodia (arrowheads) and lamellipodia (arrows) were measured in ECs stained with Alexa Fluor 488-labeled phalloidin. All images in (G) and (H) were obtained at 200× magnification, whereas images in (I) and (J) were obtained at 100× magnification, and images in (K) and (L) were obtained at 1,000× magnification. The data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001 using Student’s t test.