Table 2.
Clinical studies of MSCs for osteoporosis treatment
| Cell types | Study design | Outcomes | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| BM-MSCs | Autologous culture-expanded BM-MSCs with collagen gel embedded were transplanted into OA knee with articular cartilage defect in the medial femoral condyle | White soft tissue formation, better arthroscopic and histological grading score | [81] |
| BM-MSCs | Intra-articular injection of cultured autologous BM-MSCs with hyaluronic in varus knees with cartilage defects underwent HTO and microfracture | Better Tegner, Lysholm, IKDC, and MOCART scores | [82] |
| BM-MSCs | Intra-articular injection of 50 × 106 or 150 × 106 allogeneic BM-MSCs into OA knees 7-10 days after the meniscectomy | No ectopic tissue formation, no serious adverse effects, increased meniscal volume, reduction in pain | [83] |
| BM-MSCs | Intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid together with 10 × 106 or 100 × 106 cultured autologous BM-MSCs into OA knees | No adverse effects, improved VAS WOMAC scores in both low and high doses | [84] |
| AD-MSCs | Intra-articular injection of autologous AD-MSCs with dose escalation: low dose (2 × 106 cells), medium dose (10 × 106), and high dose (50 × 106) to patients with symptomatic and severe knee OA | No serious adverse events, improved WOMAC pain and function subscores | [85] |
| AD-MSCs | Patients with symptomatic knee cartilage defects were Intra-articular injected of AD-MSCs with fibrin glue and MFX treatment | Better signal intensity for repair tissue, improved KOOS pain and symptom subscores, no significant differences in daily activity, sports and recreation and quality of life | [86] |
| AD-MSCs | Intra-articular injection of autologous AD-MSCs into OA knees | No serious adverse events, improved WOMAC score, no significant change of cartilage defect | [87] |
| UC-MSCs | Intra-articular injection of 2-3 × 107 UC-MSCs once a month for 2 times into OA knee | Pain and swelling incidences after injection, no recurrence of knee pain during follow up, better Lysholm, WOMAC, and SF-36 scale scores | [88] |
| UC-MSCs | Intra-articular injection of 5-7 × 107 UC-MSCs once into OA knee | No difference in biochemical parameters, pain reduction, recovered daily activities | [89] |
| UCB-MSCs | Implantation of UCB-MSCs mixture in the drill holes of cartilage defect site of OA knee | Improved IKDC, WOMAC, and VAS score and mean OAS | [90] |
| Patients with varus or valgus deformity greater than 5 degrees were treated simultaneously with osteotomy |