Table 3.
Laboratory and radiologic findings of included patients
| Diagnosis | Disease severity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Suspected (n = 22) |
Laboratory-confirmed (n = 147) |
Non-severe (n = 122) |
Severe (n = 25) |
P value# | |
| Laboratory findings at first test | |||||
| White blood cell count, median (IQR), × 109/L | 6·7 (5·0–9·6) | 5·0 (4·0–6·1) | 4·9 (4·0–6·0) | 5·3 (4·5–7·4) | 0·054 |
| > 10× 109/L, No·/total (%) | 3/13 (23·1) | 9/145 (6·2) | 4/120 (3·3) | 5/25 (20·0) | 0·0070 |
| < 4× 109/L, No·/total (%) | 2/13 (15·4) | 18/145 (12·4) | 15/120 (12·5) | 3/25 (12·0) | > 0·99 |
| Lymphocyte count, median (IQR), × 109/L | 1·00 (0·80–1·20) | 1·14 (0·90–1·60) | 1·20 (1·00–1·70) | 0·80 (0·50–1·00) | < 0·0001 |
| < 1·1× 109/L, No·/total (%) | 6/11 (54·5) | 71/143 (49·7) | 52/119 (43·7) | 19/24 (79·2) | 0·0030 |
| Eosinophils count, median (IQR), × 109/L | 0·02 (0·00–0·05) | 0·01 (0·00–0·05) | 0·02 (0–0·05) | 0·00 (0·00–0·01) | 0·0030 |
| < 0·02× 109/L, No·/total (%) | 6/11 (54·5) | 81/133 (60·9) | 65/114 (57·0) | 16/19 (84·2) | 0·046 |
| Haemoglobin, median (IQR), g/L | 133 (125–151) | 142 (127–156) | 144 (128–155) | 142 (124–157) | 0·87 |
| < 130 g/L, No·/total (%) | 6/13 (46·2) | 42/143 (29·4) | 34/118 (28·8) | 8/25 (32·0) | 0·94 |
| International normalised ratio, median (IQR) | 1·05 (0·97–1·08) | 1·04 (0·97–1·13) | 1·03 (0·97–1·13) | 1·04 (1·00–1·11) | 0·58 |
| > 1·26, No·/total (%) | 0/7 (0·0) | 6/125 (4·8) | 6/108 (5·6) | 0/17 (0·0) | > 0·99* |
| D-dimer, median (IQR), μg/L | 390 (280–430) | 195 (93–403) | 175 (90–368) | 414 (163–930) | 0·025 |
| > 550 μg/L, No·/total (%) | 1/5 (20·0) | 22/122 (18·0) | 16/104 (15·4) | 6/18 (33·3) | 0·13 |
| Albumin, median (IQR), g/L | 41·2 (34·7–45·1) | 43·7 (40·9–46·1) | 44·2 (42·1–46·9) | 38·2 (35·3–43·8) | < 0·0001 |
| < 35 g/L, No·/total (%) | 3/12 (25·0) | 7/136 (5·2) | 2/114 (1·6) | 5/22 (22·7) | < 0·0001 |
| Alanine aminotransferase, median (IQR), U/L | 22 (15–25) | 26 (17–46) | 26 (17–46) | 29 (21–41) | 0·46 |
| > 50 U/L, No·/total (%) | 0/10 (0·0) | 26/136 (19·1) | 21/116 (18·1) | 5/20 (25·0) | 0·68 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, median (IQR), U/L | 24 (22–30) | 26 (20–35) | 26 (20–36) | 25 (21–34) | 0·64 |
| > 40 U/L, No·/total (%) | 0/8 (0·0) | 18/108 (16·7) | 15/91 (16·5) | 3/17 (17·6) | > 0·99* |
| Total bilirubin, median (IQR), μmol/L | 9·7 (6·0–18·0) | 10·5 (7·0–16·9) | 10·8 (7·0–16·5) | 8·7 (7·0–18·3) | 0·94 |
| > 28 μmol/L, No·/total (%) | 1/12 (8·3) | 9/135 (6·7) | 7/116 (6·3) | 2/19 (10·5) | 0·81 |
| Direct bilirubin, median (IQR), μmol/L | 3·9 (2·8–7·3) | 4·0 (2·7–5·8) | 3·9 (2·6–5·4) | 4·0 (3·0–6·7) | 0·30 |
| > 10 μmol/L, No·/total (%) | 2/12 (16·7) | 9/135 (6·7) | 7/116 (6·0) | 2/19 (10·5) | 0·82 |
| Serum creatinine, median (IQR), μmol/L | 80·5 (69·3–89·3) | 74·3 (59·7–83·5) | 72·5 (59·0–83·5) | 76·2 (63·8–83·5) | 0·57 |
| > 106 μmol/L, No·/total (%) | 1/12 (8·3) | 5/132 (3·8) | 4/112 (3·8) | 1/20 (5·0) | 0·57* |
| Troponin T, median (IQR), pg/mL | 3·00 (1·10–47·12) | 3·00 (0·03–9·7) | 3·00 (0·03–9·15) | 6·13 (0·23–13·40) | 0·23 |
| > 14 pg/mL, No·/total (%) | 3/7 (42·9) | 8/80 (10·0) | 5/67 (7·5) | 3/13 (23·1) | 0·23 |
| Procalcitonin, median (IQR), ng/mL | 0·04 (0·03–0·21) | 0·05 (0·03–0·06) | 0·05 (0·03–0·06) | 0·05 (0·02–0·08) | 0·56 |
| > 0·05 ng/mL, No·/total (%) | 4/13 (30·8) | 45/128 (35·2) | 36/107 (33·6) | 9/21 (42·9) | 0·58 |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, median (IQR), mm/h | 27 (21–51) | 22 (10–36) | 21 (10–33) | 23 (7–44) | 0·77 |
| > 15 mm/h, No·/total (%) | 9/11 (81·8) | 64/102 (62·7) | 54/88 (61·4) | 10/14 (71·4) | 0·67 |
| C-reactive protein, median (IQR), mg/L | 7·6 (0·9–31·8) | 7·2 (2·0–24·2) | 5·7 (1·9–15·6) | 31·7 (14·2–54·2) | < 0·0001 |
| Procalcitonin, median (IQR), ng/mL | 0·04 (0·03–0·21) | 0·05 (0·03–0·06) | 0·05 (0·03–0·06) | 0·05 (0·02–0·08) | 0·56 |
| > 0·05 ng/mL, No·/total (%) | 4/13 (30·8) | 45/128 (35·2) | 36/107 (33·6) | 9/21 (42·9) | 0·58 |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, median (IQR), mm/h | 27 (21–51) | 22 (10–36) | 21 (10–33) | 23 (7–44) | 0·77 |
| > 15 mm/h, No·/total (%) | 9/11 (81·8) | 64/102 (62·7) | 54/88 (61·4) | 10/14 (71·4) | 0·67 |
| C-reactive protein, median (IQR), mg/L | 7·6 (0·9–31·8) | 7·2 (2·0–24·2) | 5·7 (1·9–15·6) | 31·7 (14·2–54·2) | < 0·0001 |
| > 5 mg/L, No·/total (%) | 6/12 (50·0) | 62/122 (50·8) | 44/102 (43·1) | 18/20 (90·0) | < 0·0001 |
| CKMBa | |||||
| Increased, No·/total (%) | 2/11 (18·2) | 7/91 (7·7) | 6/79 (7·6) | 1/12 (8·3) | > 0·99* |
| Gamma-glutamyltran sferase, median (IQR), U/L | 20 (18–34) | 30 (17–57) | 29 (16–46) | 33 (17–73) | 0·350 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, median (IQR), U/L | 245 (179–276) | 187 (167–233) | 184 (163–227) | 229 (190–400) | 0·015 |
| Potassium, median (IQR), mmol/L | 4·2 (3·8–4·3) | 3·8 (3·6–4·1) | 3·8 (3·6–4·1) | 3·8 (3·4–4·1) | 0·86 |
| Sodium, median (IQR), mmol/L | 140 (136–142) | 139 (136–141) | 139 (137–141) | 137 (135–139) | 0·011 |
| Radiologic findings | |||||
| Abnormalities at first examination, No./total (%) | 13/14 (92·9) | 113/129 (87·6) | 94/109 (86·2) | 19/20 (95·0) | 0·47 |
| Bilateral pneumonia | 10/14 (71·4) | 87/129 (67·4) | 68/109 (62·4) | 19/20 (95·0) | 0·0090 |
| Unilateral pneumonia | 3/14 (21·4) | 26/129 (20·2) | 26/109 (23·9) | 0/20 (0·0) | 0·032 |
| Ground-glass opacity | 6/14 (42·9) | 89/129 (69·0) | 73/109 (67·0) | 16/20 (80·0) | 0·37 |
| Patchy or stripes shadowing | 10/14 (71·4) | 89/129 (69·0) | 75/109 (68·8) | 14/20 (70·0) | > 0·99* |
| Parenchymal abnormalities | 2/14 (14·3) | 21/129 (16·3) | 16/109 (14·7) | 5/20 (25·0) | 0·41 |
| Pleural effusion | 0/14 (0·0) | 5/129 (3·9) | 2/109 (1·8) | 3/20 (15·0) | 0·026* |
| Abnormalities during hospitalization, No./total (%) | 13/14 (92·9) | 118/132 (89·4) | 98/112 (87·5) | 20/20 (100·0) | 0·20 |
| Bilateral pneumonia | 11/14 (78·6) | 101/132 (76·5) | 81/112 (72·3) | 20/20 (100·0) | 0·016 |
| Unilateral pneumonia | 2/14 (14·3) | 17/132 (12·9) | 17/112 (15·2) | 0/20 (0·0) | 0·13 |
| Ground-glass opacity | 7/14 (50·0) | 98/132 (74·2) | 80/112 (71·4) | 18/20 (90·0) | 0·14 |
| Patchy or stripes shadowing | 12/14 (85·7) | 103/132 (78·0) | 87/112 (77·7) | 16/20 (80·0) | > 0·99* |
| Parenchymal abnormalities | 2/14 (14·3) | 31/132 (23·5) | 25/112 (22·3) | 6/20 (30·0) | 0·65 |
| Pleural effusion | 0/14 (0·0) | 6/132 (4·5) | 3/112 (2·7) | 3/20 (15·0) | 0·045* |
Abbreviations: IQR Interquartile range, CKMB Creatine Kinase-MB
* The P-value was derived from Fisher’s exact test, two-sided; # P-value for the comparison between severe cases versus non- severe infected patients; aClassified by different reference range of hospitals