Table 4.
Complications, treatment pattern and clinical outcomes of included patients
| Diagnosis | Disease severity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Suspected (n = 22) |
Laboratory-confirmed (n = 147) |
Non-severe (n = 122) |
Severe (n = 25) |
P value# | |
| Complications | |||||
| Any Complications | 2/19 (10·5) | 15/146 (10·3) | 3/122 (2·5) | 12/24 (50·0) | < 0·0001 |
| Respiratory failure | 1/19 (5·3) | 9/146 (6·2) | 2/122 (1·6) | 7/24 (29·2) | < 0·0001 |
| Secondary bacterial pneumonia | 0/19 (0·0) | 4/146 (2·7) | 0/122 (0·0) | 4/24 (16·7) | > 0·99* |
| Coagulation disorders | 0/19 (0·0) | 2/146 (1·4) | 0/122 (0·0) | 2/24 (8·3) | 0·03* |
| Metabolic acidosis | 0/19 (0·0) | 1/146 (0·7) | 0/122 (0·0) | 1/24 (4·2) | 0·16* |
| Shock | 0/19 (0·0) | 1/146 (0·7) | 0/122 (0·0) | 1/24 (4·2) | 0·16* |
| Bacteremia or Sepsis | 1/19 (5·3) | 2/146 (1·4) | 0/122 (0·0) | 2/24 (8·3) | 0·026* |
| Acute lung injury or ARDS | 0/19 (0·0) | 1/146 (0·7) | 0/122 (0·0) | 1/24 (4·2) | 0·16* |
| Acute renal injury | 0/19 (0·0) | 0/146 (0·0) | 0/122 (0·0) | 0/24 (0·0) | ·· |
| Treatment | |||||
| Antiviral treatment | 11/14 (78·6) | 144/146 (98·6) | 119/121 (98·3) | 25/25 (100·0) | > 0·99* |
| Ribavirin | 3/14 (21·4) | 14/146 (9·6) | 10/121 (8·3) | 4/25 (16·0) | 0·23 |
| Interferon | 8/14 (57·1) | 95/146 (65·1) | 77/121 (63·6) | 18/25 (72·0) | 0·43 |
| Lopinavir/Litonavir | 4/14 (28·6) | 133/146 (91·1) | 114/121 (94·2) | 19/25 (76·0) | 0·0040 |
| Oseltamivir | 4/14 (28·6) | 22/146 (15·1) | 17/121 (14·1) | 5/25 (20·0) | 0·45 |
| Antibiotic treatment | 9/16 (56·3) | 81/144 (56·3) | 59/120 (49·2) | 22/24 (91·7) | < 0·0001 |
| Glucocorticoids | 1/15 (6·7) | 34/126 (27·0) | 16/101 (15·8) | 18/25 (72·0) | < 0·0001 |
| Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy | 1/22 (4·5) | 8/147 (5·4) | 4/122 (3·3) | 4/25 (16·0) | 0·010 |
| Oxygen therapy | 7/22 (31·8) | 59/147 (40·1) | 41/122 (33·6) | 18/25 (72·0) | < 0·0001 |
| Mechanical ventilation (MV) | 2/22 (9·1) | 12/147 (8·2) | 0/122 (0·0) | 12/25 (48·0) | < 0·0001 |
| Non-invasive MV | 2/22 (9·1) | 11/147 (7·5) | 0/122 (0·0) | 11/25 (44·0) | < 0·0001 |
| Invasive MV | 1/22 (4·5) | 2/147 (1·4) | 0/122 (0·0) | 2/25 (8·0) | 0·029* |
| ECMO | 0/22 (0·0) | 0/147 (0·0) | 0/122 (0·0) | 0/25 (0·0) | ·· |
| CRRT | 0/22 (0·0) | 1/147 (0·7) | 0/122 (0·0) | 1/25 (4·0) | 0·17* |
| Clinical outcomes | |||||
| ICU admission | 0/22 (0·0) | 4/147 (2·7) | 0/122 (0·0) | 4/25 (16·0) | 0.00068 |
| Death | 0/22 (0·0) | 0/147 (0·0) | 0/122 (0·0) | 0/25 (0·0) | ·· |
Values are No./total No. (%)
Abbreviations: ICU Intensive Care Units, ECOM Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, CRRT Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy, ARDS Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
* The P-value was derived from Fisher’s exact test, two-sided
# P-value for the comparison between severe cases versus non- severe infected patients