1. Drug regimens for heart failure and their effect on various circulating biomarkers.
| Drug Biomarker | MRAs | ACEi | ARB | DRI | ARNI | BB | LD |
| ACEi: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers; ARNI: angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor; BB: beta-blockers; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; DRI: direct renin inhibitor; hs-CRP: high-sensitive C-reactive protein; LD: loop diuretics; MRAs: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; NT-proBNP: Amino-terminal fragment of proBNP. | |||||||
| BNP | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | ↑>↓ | ↓ |
| NT-proBNP | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↑>↓ | ↓ |
| Aldosterone | ↕ | ↕ | ↕ | ↓/= | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ |
| Plasma renin activity | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ |
| Plasma renin concentration | ? | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ |
| Angiotensin I | ? | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ? | ↓ | ↑ |
| Angiotensin II | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ | ↑ |
| hs-CRP | = | ↓ | ↓ | ? | = | ↓ | = |
| Copeptin | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ? | ↑>↓ | ↓ |
| Galectin-3 | = | = | = | ? | = | = | = |
| Soluble suppression of tumorigenicity protein-2 | ? | ↓ | ↓/= | ? | = | ↓ | ? |
| Growth differentiation factor-15 | ? | ↓ | = | ? | ? | ↓? | ? |
| Adrenomedullin | ↓ | ↓? | ↓? | ↓? | ? | ↑>↓ | ↓ |