3. Circulating biomarkers of heart failure progression.

Groups	Circulating Biomarkers
ADH: antidiuretic hormone; ANP: atrial natriuretic peptide; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; GRO-α: growth-regulated oncogene; hs-CRP: high-sensitive C-reactive protein, IL-1β: interleukin 1β; IL-6: interleukin 6; IL-8: interleukin 8; LDL: low density lipoprotein; MCP-2: monocyte chemoattractant protein 2; NAP-2: neutrophil activating protein 2; NOX2: NADPH oxidase 2; NOX4: NADPH oxidase 4; NT pro-BNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor α.
Myocyte strain specific molecules	Natriuretic peptides: BNP, NT pro-BNP, ANP Adrenomedullin Cotransport inhibitory factor Growth-differentiation factor-15 Soluble suppression of tumorigenicity protein-2 Apelin Bradykinin Urotensin II
Neurohormones	Norepinephrine Renin Aldosterone Angiotensin II Arginine vasopressin/ADH Endotelin-1
Cardiac injury induced peptides	Cardiac Troponins: Troponin T, Troponin I Creatine kinase with/without MB-fraction Myosin light-chain kinase I Heart-type fatty-acid protein
Proinflammatory mediators	hs-CRP Cytokines: TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β Chemokines: MCP-2, IL-8, NAP-2, GRO-α
Fibrogenic mediators	Transforming growth factor-β1 Galectin-3 Angiotensin II Endotelin-1 Connective tissue growth factor
Oxidative stress components	Myeloperoxidase Xanthine oxidase and uric acid Allantoin Oxidized LDL NOX2, NOX4