1. Baseline characteristics of AMI patients according to the electrolyte variability assessed by variability independent of the mean.
| Characteristics | Overall (n = 4386)* | Potassium variability (VIM) | Sodium variability (VIM) | |||
| Q1 | Q4 | Q1 | Q4 | |||
| Data are presented as mean ± SD, median (interquartile range) or n (%). *11, 23, 3, 165, 165, and 165 participants had missing data for cTnI, NT-proBNP, CRP, eGFR, TG, TC and HDL-C, respectively. ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI: body mass index; CRP: C-reactive protein; cTnI: cardiac troponin I; CV: coefficient of variation; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL: high density lipoprotein; MI: myocardial infarction; NT-proBNP: N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; STEMI: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; VIM: variability independent of the mean. | ||||||
| K mean, mmol/L | 4.1 ± 0.28 | 4.1 ± 0.27 | 4.0 ± 0.31 | 4.0 ± 0.27 | 4.1 ± 0.28 | |
| K variability | ||||||
| VIM | 3.8 ± 1.93 | 1.7 ± 0.54 | 6.4 ± 1.66 | 3.5 ± 1.72 | 4.2 ± 2.22 | |
| SD | 0.3 ± 0.16 | 0.1 ± 0.05 | 0.5 ± 0.15 | 0.3 ± 0.14 | 0.4 ± 0.19 | |
| CV | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 0.13 ± 0.03 | 0.07 ± 0.03 | 0.09 ± 0.05 | |
| Range, mmol/L | 0.9 ± 0.48 | 0.4 ± 0.14 | 1.5 ± 0.44 | 0.7 ± 0.40 | 1.0 ± 0.54 | |
| Na mean, mmol/L | 139.6 ± 2.57 | 139.6 ± 2.54 | 139.4 ± 2.67 | 139.6 ± 2.58 | 139.6 ± 2.80 | |
| Na variability | ||||||
| VIM | 3.6 ± 1.75 | 3.35 ± 1.65 | 3.90 ± 1.80 | 1.7 ± 0.51 | 6.0 ± 1.45 | |
| SD | 2.5 ± 1.19 | 2.3 ± 1.11 | 2.7 ± 1.25 | 1.2 ± 0.35 | 4.0 ± 0.99 | |
| CV | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | |
| Range, mmol/L | 6.7 ± 3.59 | 5.9 ± 2.95 | 7.5 ± 4.04 | 3.0 ± 1.00 | 11.2 ± 3.39 | |
| Age, yrs | 60.6 ± 11.57 | 60.3 ± 11.06 | 60.3 ± 11.86 | 59.07 ± 11.34 | 62.38 ± 11.38 | |
| Male | 3033 (69.15%) | 790 (72.01%) | 698 (63.69%) | 795 (72.47%) | 721 (65.78%) | |
| MI type (STEMI) | 3013 (68.70%) | 698 (63.63%) | 799 (72.90%) | 690 (62.90%) | 775 (70.71%) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.0 ± 3.97 | 25.2 ± 4.09 | 24.9 ± 3.87 | 25.19 ± 4.18 | 24.73 ± 3.75 | |
| Current or ex-smoker | 2861 (65.23%) | 722 (65.82%) | 696 (63.50%) | 756 (68.92%) | 687 (62.68%) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1034 (23.58%) | 255 (23.25%) | 263 (24.00%) | 226 (20.60%) | 308 (28.10%) | |
| Hypertension | 2301 (52.46%) | 550 (50.14%) | 631 (57.57%) | 554 (50.50%) | 622 (56.75%) | |
| Prior MI | 427 (9.74%) | 112 (10.21%) | 99 (9.03%) | 110 (10.03%) | 116 (10.58%) | |
| cTnI, μg/L | 33.2 (9.8−95.0) | 25.2 (7.3−75.0) | 46.0 (12.5−113.3) | 26.6 (7.7−78.1) | 40.1 (12.3−113.6) | |
| NT-ProBNP, pg/mL | 1001 (350−2551) | 773 (280−1793) | 1297 (474−3641) | 733 (255−1778) | 1395 (514−3739) | |
| CRP, mg/L | 7.0 ± 5.02 | 6.3 ± 4.83 | 7.9 ± 5.11 | 6.3 ± 4.89 | 7.7 ± 5.12 | |
| eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m² | 81.4 ± 22.61 | 83.1 ± 21.75 | 79.7 ± 23.70 | 84.6 ± 21.34 | 77.1 ± 23.75 | |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.7 ±1.14 | 1.7 ± 1.17 | 1.7 ± 1.16 | 1.7 ± 1.22 | 1.7 ± 1.12 | |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.7 ± 1.11 | 4.6 ± 1.14 | 4.7 ± 1.13 | 4.7 ± 1.10 | 4.6 ± 1.15 | |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.3 ± 0.31 | 1.3 ± 0.31 | 1.3 ± 0.31 | 1.3 ± 0.31 | 1.2 ± 0.32 | |
| Anterior infarction | 1686 (38.44%) | 363 (33.09%) | 441 (40.24%) | 367 (33.45%) | 454 (41.42%) | |
| PCI | 3679 (83.88%) | 901 (82.13%) | 927 (84.58%) | 889 (81.04%) | 947 (86.41%) | |
| Acute heart failure | 1069 (24.37%) | 185 (16.86%) | 354 (32.30%) | 181 (16.50%) | 360 (32.85%) | |
| ACEI or ARB | 3316 (75.60%) | 805 (73.38%) | 843 (76.92%) | 800 (72.93%) | 849 (77.46%) | |
| Spironolactone | 1149 (26.20%) | 207 (18.87%) | 354 (32.30%) | 232 (21.15%) | 334 (30.47%) | |