Metabolomics analysis of the intestines of HFD-fed mice treated with or without celastrol
(A–E) HFD-fed C57BL/6 mice were subjected to oral administration of celastrol (3 mg/kg/day) for 24 days. (A) OPLS-DA score plot derived from metabolomics analysis of mice in the HFD and HFDC groups. (B) Statistical validation of the OPLS-DA model by permutation testing. (C) Volcano plot. The FC value was calculated as the ratio of the average mass response (area) between the two groups (FC value = HFDC/HFD). The p value was calculated using the Mann-Whitney U-test. (D) Hierarchical clustering of groups of samples using qualitatively significant metabolite expression levels. Red means up, blue means down. (E) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed metabolites in the HFD and HFDC groups by Fisher's exact test. HFD, high-fat diet; HFDC, high-fat diet supplemented with celastrol; FC, fold change. n = 6 for each group.