Table 3.

Isolated bioactive compounds of medicinal plants, their antimicrobial activity and uses

S/No.	Research	Plant species	English name	Therapeutic Activity	Active agents/uses
1	[64, 65]	Punica granatum	Pomegranate	Antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial	Flavonoids, tannins, steroids, glycosides /Bronchitis, diarrhea, man power, etc
2	[64]	Lavandula multifidi	Lavender	Antibacterial, antimicrobial	Phenolic compounds, coumarins, terpenes/ analgesic and sedative uses
3	[66, 67]	Azadirachta indica	Neem	Antibacterial, antifungal	Terpenoids, saladucin, valassin, meliacin, nimbicin, geducin, etc./teeth decay, ulcers, malaria, liver, diarrhea
4	[68]	Curcuma longa	Turmeric	Anticancer, anti-inflammatory	Flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins/menstrual disorder, pain, tonsillitis, tonic
5	[69, 70]	Terminalia chebula	Black myroblans	Anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, antibacterial, anti-diabetic	Tannins, shikimic acid compounds, triterpenoids/asthma, sore throat, vomiting, hiccough, dysentery, bleeding piles, gout, heart and bladder diseases, etc
6	[71]	Riccinus communis	Castor bean	Anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-tumorous	Alkaloid (ricinine), lectin, tannins /liver, tumors, wounds, ulcer, etc
7	[72]	Dennettia tripetala	Pepper fruit	Antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal	Alkaloids, flavonoids/cough, fever, toothache, diabetes, and nausea
8	[65]	Cuminum cyminum	Cumin	Antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial	Limonoids, and terpenoids/diarrhea, dyspepsia, flatulence, morning sickness, colic, headache and bloating
9	[73, 74]	Phyllanthus emblica	Indian gooseberry	Antiviral, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic	Emblicanin A&B, Punigluconin, and pedunculagin/cough, anemia, asthma, leprosy, jaundice, etc
10	[75]	Artemisia absinthium	Wormwood	Antiviral, antimicrobial, antimalarial	Chamazulene, Thujone, artemisinin, /malaria, hepatic and digestive disorders, stomach ache, wounds, etc
11	[76]	Aloe vera	Aloe vera	Antiviral and antitumor activity antidiabetic, antiseptic effect	Aloin, flavonoids, emodin, tannin, sterols/ rashes and skin disorders, burns, wound, etc
12	[77]	Periploca laevigata	Silkvine	Antibacterial, antioxidant, antimicrobial	Phenolic compounds, flavonoids/ digestive disorders, hypertension
13	[78]	Psidium guajava	Guava	Antibacterial antimicrobial, antioxidant	Phenolic, flavonoid, carotenoid, terpenoid and triterpene/enteritis, diarrhoea and diabetes
14	[65]	Thymus vulgaris	Thyme	Antibacterial, antimicrobial, antimicrobial	Flavonoids, steroids and saponins, /bronchial and urinary infections, laryngitis, liver, etc
15	[79]	Lantana camara	Lantana	Antibacterial, antifungal, antimicrobial, antioxidant	Alkaloids, tannins, coumarins, saponins/Asthma, ulcer, tumors, eczema, etc
16	[80, 81]	Calotropis procera	Sodom apple	Antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral	Alkaloids, steroids, tannins, glycosides/Fevers, indigestion, colds, and diarrhea
17	[82, 83]	Moringa olifera	Moringa	Antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, antipyretic, antimicrobial	Vicennin-2, Multiflorin-B, Pterygospermin, b-sitosterol, Niazimicin, Alkaloid Moringine/heart diseases, hyperlipidemia, ulcer, blood sugar regulation, etc
18	[84, 85]	Ziziphus abyssinica	Catch thorn	Antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antimicrobial	Alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins/Pain-killer, pneumonia, snake bite, migraines, burns, etc
19	[86]	Guiera senegalensis	Sabara	Antimalarial, antifungal, antiplasmodium, antimicrobial	Harman, tetrahydroharman alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, /Rheumatism, gastrointestinal disorders, malaria, etc
20	[87]	Syzygium aromaticum	Clove	Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial	Hidroxibenzoic acids, flavonoids, hidroxiphenyl propens, hidroxicinamic acids, eugenol, etc. /toothache, burns, wounds, pain reliever, liver diseases, nausea, vomiting, etc
21	[88]	Prunus domestica	Plum	Antibacterial, anticancer, antifungal, antimicrobial	Phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanin/cough, tumors, blood pressure, etc