Table 1.
Sociodemographic profile, oral health behaviors, and depressive symptoms of 10–19-year-old adolescents in Ile-Ife, Nigeria and their association with the presence of moderate to severe gingivitis [N = 1087]
| Variables | Whole sample n (%) | Normal/mild gingivitis n (%) | Moderate/severe gingivitis n (%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Mean (SD) | 14.7 (2.7) | 14.65 (2.67) | 14.66 (2.65) | 0.97 |
| Sex | Male | 609 (56.0) | 554 (55.7) | 55 (59.8) | 0.45 |
| Female | 478 (44.0) | 441 (44.3) | 37 (40.2) | ||
| Socioeconomic status | High | 400 (36.8) | 371 (37.3) | 29 (31.5) | 0.49 |
| Middle | 357 (32.8) | 326 (32.8) | 31 (33.7) | ||
| Low | 330 (30.4) | 298 (29.9) | 32 (34.8) | ||
| Toothbrushing | < 2 times a day | 987 (90.8) | 904 (90.9) | 83 (90.2) | 0.84 |
| > 2 times a day or more | 100 (9.2) | 91 (9.1) | 9 (9.8) | ||
| Daily use of dental floss | Yes | 132 (12.1) | 116 (11.7) | 16 (17.4) | 0.11 |
| No | 955 (87.9) | 879 (88.3) | 76 (82.6) | ||
| Consumption of refined carbohydrates in between meals | Less than once daily | 442 (40.7) | 395 (39.7) | 47 (51.1) | 0.03 |
| More than once daily | 645 (59.3) | 600 (60.3) | 45 (48.9) | ||
| Utilization of dental services in the last 12 months | Yes | 14 (1.3) | 11 (1.1) | 3 (3.3) | 0.11 |
| No | 1073 (98.7) | 984 (98.9) | 89 (96.7) | ||
| Plaque index score | Mean plaque index score (SD) | 0.80 (0.57) | 0.72 (0.52) | 1.60 (0.54) | < 0.0001 |
| Patient’s health (depression) | Normal | 1001 (92.1) | 919 (92.4) | 82 (89.1) | 0.46 |
| Mild | 65 (6.0) | 57 (5.7) | 8 (8.7) | ||
| Moderate | 14 (1.3) | 12 (1.2) | 2 (2.2) | ||
| Moderately severe to severe depression | 7 (0.7) | 7 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | ||