Table 2.
Association between the presence of moderate to severe gingivitis and sociodemographic background, oral behaviors and depression in logistic regression analysis [N = 1087]
| Factors | Univariate analyses | Multivariate analyses | |
|---|---|---|---|
| UOR (95% CI) | Model 1 AOR (95% CI) | Model 2 AOR (95% CI) | |
| Age | 1.00 (0.92, 1.09) | 1.01 (0.91, 1.12) | 1.00 (0.90, 1.11) |
| Male versus female | 1.18 (0.77, 1.83) | 1.20 (0.72, 2.02) | 1.22 (0.73, 2.05) |
| Twice daily or more tooth brushing versus less than twice daily tooth brushing | 1.08 (0.52, 2.22) | 0.78 (0.32, 1.89) | 0.75 (0.31, 1.83) |
| Daily use of dental floss versus non-daily use of dental floss | 1.60 (0.90, 2.83) | 1.15 (0.56, 2.34) | 1.20 (0.59, 2.45) |
| Consumption of refined carbohydrates in between meals more than once daily versus less than that | 1.59 (1.03, 2.43)* | 1.95 (1.16, 3.29)* | 1.94 (1.14, 3.28)* |
| Utilization dental services in the last 12 months versus no utilization of dental services in the last 12 months | 3.02 (0.83, 11.01) | 1.67 (0.34, 8.12) | 1.73 (0.36, 8.36) |
| High socioeconomic status versus low socioeconomic status | 0.73 (0.43, 1.23) | 0.80 (0.41, 1.53) | 0.78 (0.40, 1.51) |
| Middle socioeconomic status versus low socioeconomic status | 0.89 (0.53, 1.49) | 0.93 (0.50, 1.74) | 0.94 (0.51, 1.75) |
| Plaque index | 16.18 (9.94, 26.34)* | 16.42 (9.98, 27.03)* | 16.56 (10.03, 27.33)* |
| Mild depression versus normal | 2.05 (1.12, 3.73)* | – | 1.70 (0.68, 4.25) |
| Moderate depression versus normal | 2.20 (0.74, 6.52) | 2.89 (0.51, 16.49) | |
| Moderately severe to severe depression versus normal | 0 (0, –) | 0 (0, –) | |
| Nagelkerke R2 | – | 0.37 | 0.38 |
UOR, unadjusted odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; *: statistically significant at P < 0.05
Model 1: adjusted model, excluding depression, Model 2: adjusted model, including depression