. 2021 Feb 8;21:55. doi: 10.1186/s12903-021-01421-6

Table 3.

Modification of the association between the presence of moderate/severe gingivitis and consumption of carbohydrates and plaques by depressive symptoms [N = 1087]

Association of moderate/severe gingivitis with:	OR (95% CI)	P of interaction
Frequent consumption of refined carbohydrates	1.53 (0.97, 2.40)	3.58 (0.67, 19.25)	0 (0, −)	–	0.06
Plaque	15.47 (9.31, 25.69)*	24.75 (3.33, 184.00)*	4.30 × 10⁴ (0, −)	–	< 0.0001

Association of moderate/severe gingivitis with:

OR (95% CI)

P of interaction

Normal

Mild depression

Moderate depression

Moderately severe to severe depression^a

Frequent consumption of refined carbohydrates

1.53 (0.97, 2.40)

3.58 (0.67, 19.25)

0 (0, −)

–

0.06

Plaque

15.47

(9.31, 25.69)*

24.75

(3.33, 184.00)*

4.30 × 10⁴

(0, −)

–

< 0.0001

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval;

^*Statistically significant at P < 0.05

^aAmong adolescents with moderately severe to severe depression, all participants had no to mild gingivitis and therefore no estimates could be generated