Table 2.
Baseline characteristics
| TR | % | non-TR | % | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3040 (13.03%) | N = 20,291 (86.97%) | ||||
| Mean age, years (SD) | 66.9 (16.6) | 65.1 (18.0) | < 0.001 | ||
| Gender: male | 1752 | 57.63% | 9685 | 47.73% | < 0.001 |
| Race | |||||
| White | 2186 | 71.91% | 15,482 | 76.30% | < 0.001 |
| Black | 543 | 17.86% | 2759 | 13.60% | |
| Other | 282 | 9.28% | 1919 | 9.46% | |
| Unknown | 29 | 0.95% | 131 | 0.65% | |
| Hispanic Ethnicity | 164 | 5.39% | 1087 | 5.36% | 0.931 |
| Admission Source | |||||
| Non-healthcare facility (including from home) | 2307 | 75.89% | 16,518 | 81.41% | < 0.001 |
| Clinic | 201 | 6.61% | 1299 | 6.40% | |
| Transfer from SNF, ICF | 324 | 10.66% | 1041 | 5.13% | |
| Transfer from another non-acute care facility | 122 | 4.01% | 779 | 3.84% | |
| Other | 86 | 2.83% | 654 | 3.22% | |
| Admission type | |||||
| Medical | 2724 | 89.61% | 17,890 | 88.17% | 0.021 |
| Surgical | 316 | 10.39% | 2401 | 11.83% | |
| Elixhauser Comorbidities | |||||
| Congestive heart failure | 705 | 23.19% | 3999 | 19.71% | < 0.001 |
| Valvular disease | 166 | 5.46% | 1339 | 6.60% | 0.017 |
| Pulmonary circulation disease | 133 | 4.38% | 886 | 4.37% | 0.983 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 265 | 8.72% | 1574 | 7.76% | 0.067 |
| Paralysis | 763 | 25.10% | 2671 | 13.16% | < 0.001 |
| Other neurological disorders | 876 | 28.82% | 4246 | 20.93% | < 0.001 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 798 | 26.25% | 4568 | 22.51% | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes without chronic complications | 852 | 28.03% | 4664 | 22.99% | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes with chronic complications | 490 | 16.12% | 2800 | 13.80% | 0.001 |
| Hypothyroidism | 527 | 17.34% | 3237 | 15.95% | 0.053 |
| Renal failure | 959 | 31.55% | 5683 | 28.01% | < 0.001 |
| Liver disease | 114 | 3.75% | 866 | 4.27% | 0.184 |
| Peptic ulcer disease with bleeding | 8 | 0.26% | 54 | 0.27% | 0.976 |
| AIDS | 10 | 0.33% | 50 | 0.25% | 0.402 |
| Lymphoma | 22 | 0.72% | 212 | 1.04% | 0.098 |
| Metastatic cancer | 91 | 2.99% | 753 | 3.71% | 0.048 |
| Solid tumor without metastasis | 121 | 3.98% | 1016 | 5.01% | 0.014 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis/collagen vascular | 104 | 3.42% | 934 | 4.60% | 0.003 |
| Coagulopathy | 271 | 8.91% | 1916 | 9.44% | 0.351 |
| Obesity | 619 | 20.36% | 3576 | 17.62% | < 0.001 |
| Weight loss | 476 | 15.66% | 2393 | 11.79% | < 0.001 |
| Fluid and electrolyte disorders | 1695 | 55.76% | 10,940 | 53.92% | 0.057 |
| Chronic blood loss anemia | 53 | 1.74% | 306 | 1.51% | 0.326 |
| Deficiency anemia | 833 | 27.40% | 4870 | 24.00% | < 0.001 |
| Alcohol abuse | 46 | 1.51% | 450 | 2.22% | 0.012 |
| Drug abuse | 88 | 2.89% | 655 | 3.23% | 0.329 |
| Psychosis | 139 | 4.57% | 801 | 3.95% | 0.102 |
| Depression | 635 | 20.89% | 3454 | 17.02% | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 2063 | 67.86% | 13,378 | 65.93% | 0.036 |
| Charlson Comoribidity Score | |||||
| 0 | 344 | 11.32% | 4046 | 19.94% | < 0.001 |
| 1 | 413 | 13.59% | 3534 | 17.42% | |
| 2 | 669 | 22.01% | 3893 | 19.19% | |
| 3 | 517 | 17.01% | 3052 | 15.04% | |
| 4 | 375 | 12.34% | 2069 | 10.20% | |
| 5+ | 722 | 23.75% | 3697 | 18.22% | |
| Mean (SD) | 3.1 (2.3) | 2.6 (2.4) | < 0.001 | ||
| Median [IQR] | 3 [2,4] | 2 [1,4] | < 0.001 | ||
| Hospital Characteristics | |||||
| Census region | |||||
| Midwest | 956 | 31.45% | 6829 | 33.66% | < 0.001 |
| Northeast | 370 | 12.17% | 2653 | 13.07% | |
| South | 1406 | 46.25% | 8412 | 41.46% | |
| West | 308 | 10.13% | 2397 | 11.81% | |
| Number of Beds | |||||
| < 100 | 121 | 3.98% | 1010 | 4.98% | |
| 100 to 199 | 373 | 12.27% | 2623 | 12.93% | 0.001 |
| 200 to 299 | 667 | 21.94% | 4138 | 20.39% | |
| 300 to 399 | 524 | 17.24% | 3051 | 15.04% | |
| 400 to 499 | 504 | 16.58% | 3567 | 17.58% | |
| 500+ | 851 | 27.99% | 5902 | 29.09% | |
| Teaching | 1258 | 41.38% | 8482 | 41.80% | 0.661 |
| Urban | 2623 | 86.28% | 17,599 | 86.73% | 0.815 |
| C3R Rate at Hospital Level | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 17.0% (7.6%) | 14.8% (6.8%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Median [IQR] | 16.3% [12.4, 20.9%] | 14.4% [10.2, 17.7%] | < 0.001 | ||
| TR Rate at Hospital Level | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 15.7% (6.4%) | 12.6% (5.7%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Median [IQR] | 15.1% [11.3, 18.8%] | 12.2% [9.4, 16.1%] | < 0.001 | ||
MDR multidrug resistant, SD standard deviation, SNF skilled nursing facility, ICF intermediate care facility, AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome, IQR interquartile range, C3R 3rd generation cephalosporin-resistant, CR carbapenem resistant