Table 3.
Infection and treatment characteristics
| TR | % | non-TR | % | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 3040 | N = 20,291 | ||||
| Infection | |||||
| Illness severity measures by day 2 from onset | |||||
| ICU admission | 677 | 22.27% | 3774 | 18.60% | < 0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 213 | 7.01% | 1012 | 4.99% | < 0.001 |
| Vasopressors | 183 | 6.02% | 1333 | 6.57% | 0.252 |
| Dialysis | 68 | 2.24% | 389 | 1.92% | 0.235 |
| Severe sepsis | 537 | 17.66% | 3549 | 17.49% | 0.814 |
| Severe sepsis POA | 523 | 17.20% | 3382 | 16.67% | 0.460 |
| Septic shock | 386 | 12.70% | 2274 | 11.21% | 0.016 |
| Septic shock POA | 360 | 11.84% | 2049 | 10.10% | 0.003 |
| Monomicrobial | 2184 | 71.84% | 17,115 | 84.35% | < 0.001 |
| Polymicrobial | |||||
| 2 organisms | 758 | 24.93% | 2837 | 13.98% | < 0.001 |
| 3 or more organisms | 98 | 3.22% | 339 | 1.67% | |
| Infection characteristics | |||||
| Community-onset | 2970 | 97.70% | 19,472 | 95.96% | < 0.001 |
| Community-acquired | 1465 | 48.19% | 12,134 | 59.80% | |
| Healthcare-associated | 1505 | 49.51% | 7338 | 36.16% | |
| Hospital-onset | 70 | 2.30% | 819 | 4.04% | < 0.001 |
| Type of cUTI | |||||
| CAUTI | 747 | 24.57% | 8984 | 44.28% | |
| non-CAUTI-cUTI | 2293 | 75.43% | 11,307 | 55.72% | < 0.001 |
| Culture source | |||||
| Blood only | 12 | 0.39% | 138 | 0.68% | |
| Urine only | 917 | 30.16% | 6321 | 31.15% | 0.090 |
| Blood and urine | 2111 | 69.44% | 13,832 | 68.17% | |
| Time to cUTI | |||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.3 (2.3) | 1.5 (3.0) | 0.002 | ||
| Median [IQR] | 1 [1,1] | 1 [1,1] | < 0.001 | ||
| Prior hospitalization within 90 days | 1250 | 41.12% | 6074 | 29.93% | < 0.001 |
| Antibiotics within 90 days prior to admission | 1101 | 36.22% | 4733 | 23.33% | < 0.001 |
| Antibiotics during index hospitalization prior to cUTI Index Day | 225 | 7.40% | 1594 | 7.86% | 0.384 |
| C3-R organism within 90 days prior to admission | 356 | 11.71% | 386 | 1.90% | < 0.001 |
| FQ-R organism within 90 days prior to admission | 588 | 19.34% | 1436 | 7.08% | < 0.001 |
| TMP/SMZ-R organism within 90 days prior to admission | 495 | 16.28% | 799 | 3.94% | < 0.001 |
| FFM-R organism within 90 days prior to admission | 1 | 0.03% | 1 | 0.00% | 0.244 |
| NFT-R organism within 90 days prior to admission | 307 | 10.10% | 625 | 3.08% | < 0.001 |
| TR organism within 90 days prior to admission | 411 | 13.52% | 327 | 1.61% | < 0.001 |
| Treatment | |||||
| Antibiotics administered by day 2 from onset | |||||
| Antipseudomonal penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitor | 1107 | 36.41% | 6507 | 32.07% | < 0.001 |
| Extended spectrum cephalosporins | 1651 | 54.31% | 13,576 | 66.91% | < 0.001 |
| Antipseudomonal floroquinolones | 761 | 25.03% | 6672 | 32.88% | < 0.001 |
| Aminoglycosides | 295 | 9.70% | 1722 | 8.49% | 0.025 |
| Non-PIP/TAZ penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitors | 37 | 1.22% | 386 | 1.90% | 0.008 |
| PIP/TAZ | 1107 | 36.41% | 6505 | 32.06% | < 0.001 |
| Tetracyclines | 35 | 1.15% | 238 | 1.17% | 0.918 |
| Folate pathway inhibitors | 39 | 1.28% | 390 | 1.92% | 0.014 |
| Polymyxins | 6 | 0.20% | 22 | 0.11% | 0.187 |
| Antipseudomonal cephalosporins | 646 | 21.25% | 3913 | 19.28% | 0.011 |
| Carbapenems | 1317 | 43.32% | 3287 | 16.20% | < 0.001 |
| Aztreonam | 107 | 3.52% | 784 | 3.86% | 0.356 |
| Tygecycline | 31 | 1.02% | 61 | 0.30% | < 0.001 |
| C3 | 1245 | 40.95% | 11,440 | 56.38% | < 0.001 |
| FQ | 768 | 25.26% | 6704 | 33.04% | < 0.001 |
| TMP/SMZ | 39 | 1.28% | 390 | 1.92% | 0.014 |
| FFM | 6 | 0.20% | 42 | 0.21% | 0.913 |
| NFT | 38 | 1.25% | 233 | 1.15% | 0.625 |
| Empiric treatment appropriateness | |||||
| Non-IET | 2124 | 69.87% | 15,990 | 78.80% | < 0.001 |
| Inapproprite Empiric Treatment (IET) | 597 | 19.64% | 1101 | 5.43% | |
| Indeterminate | 319 | 10.49% | 3200 | 15.77% | |
MDR multidrug resistant, SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range, ICU intensive care unit, POA present on admission, cUTI complicated urinary tract infection, CAUTI catheter-associated UTI, R resistant, C3 3rd generation cephalosporin, FQ fluoroquinolone, TMP/SMZ trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, FFM fofsomycin, NFT nitrofurantoin, R resistant, PIP/TAZ piperacillin-tazobactam, IET inappropriate empiric therapy