Table 2.
Associations of the FI-64 and chronic disease clusters with 10-year all-cause mortality
| Cox-regression analyses, model 1* | Cox-regression analyses, model 2** | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | [95% CI] | p | HR | [95% CI] | p | |
| Separate models per determinant: | ||||||
| 1. Frailty index *100 (range 1–100) | 1.05 | [1.05–1.06] | < .001 | 1.05 | [1.05–1.06] | < .001 |
| 2. Frailty (yes/no) | 2.20 | [1.96–2.48] | < .001 | 2.02 | [1.75–2.31] | < .001 |
| 3. Multimorbidity (range 0–10) | 1.17 | [1.12–1.21] | < .001 | 1.14 | [1.10–1.19] | < .001 |
| 4. Psychiatric disorders | 1.18 | [1.06–1.33] | .004 | 1.10 | [0.97–1.24] | .137 |
| 5. Musculoskeletal diseases | 0.95 | [0.86–1.05] | .331 | 1.01 | [0.89–1.12] | .889 |
| 6. Brain diseases | 0.97 | [0.85–1.10] | .598 | 0.99 | [0.87–1.13] | .915 |
| 7. Lung disease | 1.27 | [1.12–1.44] | < .001 | 1.20 | [1.03–1.38] | .016 |
| 8. Heart disease | 1.24 | [1.12–1.38] | < .001 | 1.16 | [1.02–1.32] | .022 |
| 9. Endocrine disease | 1.24 | [1.09–1.42] | .002 | 1.10 | [0.93–1.29] | .283 |
| 10. Gastrointestinal diseases | 1.17 | [0.91–1.51] | .220 | 1.26 | [0.94–1.60] | .126 |
| 11. Cancer | 1.95 | [1.73–2.18] | < .001 | 2.25 | [1.98–2.57] | < .001 |
| 12. Cerebrovascular disease | 1.65 | [1.33–2.04] | < .001 | 1.65 | [1.33–2.04] | < .001 |
| 13. Kidney disease | 1.91 | [1.32–2.78] | .001 | 1.46 | [1.11–1.93] | .008 |
| Combined model frailty with multimorbidity: | ||||||
| • Frailty index *100 | 1.05 | [1.05–1.06] | < .001 | 1.05 | [1.04–1.06] | < .001 |
| • Multimorbidity | 0.99 | [0.95–1.03] | .568 | 1.00 | [0.95–1.05] | .876 |
| Combined model frailty with all disease clusters: | ||||||
| • Frailty (yes/no) | 2.01 | [1.76–2.29] | < .001 | 1.84 | [1.56–2.17] | < .001 |
| • Psychiatric disorders | 1.08 | [0.96–1.21] | .209 | 0.99 | [0.87–1.13] | .897 |
| • Musculoskeletal diseases | 0.84 | [0.75–0.93] | .001 | 0.88 | [0.78–0.99] | .033 |
| • Brain diseases | 0.92 | [0.81–1.04] | .198 | 0.94 | [0.82–1.07] | .358 |
| • Lung disease | 1.13 | [0.99–1.28] | .069 | 1.09 | [0.94–1.26] | .267 |
| • Heart disease | 1.08 | [0.97–1.21] | .162 | 1.04 | [0.91–1.19] | .549 |
| • Endocrine disease | 1.04 | [0.91–1.20] | .554 | 0.99 | [0.84–1.18] | .993 |
| • Gastrointestinal diseases | 1.10 | [0.85–1.41] | .481 | 1.13 | [0.86–1.48] | .375 |
| • Cancer | 1.84 | [1.64–2.06] | < .001 | 2.16 | [1.89–2.47] | < .001 |
| • Cerebrovascular disease | 1.34 | [1.07–1.66] | .009 | 1.25 | [0.94–1.66] | .124 |
| • Kidney disease | 1.59 | [1.10–2.32] | .015 | 1.79 | [1.21–2.65] | .003 |
*Model 1 is adjusted for age, gender, and level of education
**Model 2 is additionally adjusted for lifestyle characteristics (partner status, smoking, alcohol use, BMI)