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. 2021 Feb 8;21:96. doi: 10.1186/s12935-021-01778-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — LiCl induces apoptosis through a caspase-dependent pathway in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. a To perform a dose-gradient assay, OCM1 and M619 cells were treated with 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 or 40 mM LiCl for 36 h and then harvested for western blotting analysis. b For the time-gradient assay, OCM1 and M619 cells were treated with 20 mM LiCl for 0, 6, 12, 24 and 36 h and then harvested for western blotting analysis. Apoptosis-related protein (caspase8 caspase9, caspase3 and PARP) expression was quantified using ImageJ software and analysed with GraphPad Prism 5.0 software. CF: cleaved form. CFs: plural of cleaved form. PARP: poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. All data are presented as the mean ± S.D. c d Annexin V/PI staining was performed to evaluate the effect of LiCl on apoptosis. c OCM1 and d M619 cells were treated with 0, 10, 20 or 40 mM LiCl for 24 h and then harvested for apoptosis analysis. Data analysis was performed using FlowJo software and SPSS software. All data are presented as the mean ± S.D. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001, ***P < 0.001. Q1: (Annexin V- FITC)-/PI + , necrotic cells. Q2: (Annexin V + FITC) +/PI + , late apoptotic cells. Q3: (Annexin V- FITC) +/PI-, early apoptotic cells. Q4: (Annexin V-FITC)-/PI-, normal vehicle-treated cells. PI, propidium iodide; FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate