Table 3.

Clinical Characteristics Associated with Depression in Participants

Characteristics		Depression				Total	P
		Yes		No
		n	%	n	%
Duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus (years)	< 1	14	31.1	31	68.9	45	0.296
	1–3	13	18.6	57	81.4	70
	> 3	23	22.8	78	77.2	101
Glycemic control according to HbA1C	Good (HbA1C <7%)	14	21.2	52	78.8	66	0.655
	Poor (HbA1C≥7%)	36	24.0	114	76.0	150
Co-morbid diseases/complications	Yes	46	22.7	157	77.3	203	0.504
	No	4	30.8	9	69.2	13
Adherence to diabetic treatments	Good	27	18.2	121	81.8	148	0.029
	Poor/no adherence	12	35.3	22	64.7	34
Hypertension	Yes	33	27.3	88	72.7	121	0.105
	No	17	17.9	78	82.1	95
Cardiovascular diseases	Yes	9	28.1	23	71.9	32	0.470
	No	41	22.3	143	77.7	184
Retinopathy	Yes	1	33.3	2	66.7	3	0.548
	No	49	23.0	164	77.0	213
Infectious diseases	Yes	17	20.2	67	79.8	84	0.419
	No	33	25.0	99	75.0	132
Kidney diseases	Yes	7	36.8	12	63.2	19	0.157
	No	43	21.8	154	78.2	197
Peripheral neuropathies	Yes	3	37.5	5	62.5	8	0.391
	No	47	22.6	161	77.4	208
Others	Yes	28	24.6	86	75.4	114	0.603
	No	22	21.6	80	78.4	102
BMI	< 23 kg/m2	33	23.2	109	76.8	142	0.965
	≥ 23 kg/m2	17	23.0	57	77.0	74