Estradiol levels during the menstrual cycle (visit 1, 2, 3, and 4) and the relationship to clinical endpoints in pulmonary arterial hypertension cases (PAH) (red) and controls (blue) with 95% confidence bands. (A) 6MWD, meters (m). (B) NT-proBNP levels, Ln (pg/ml). (C) TAPSE, Ln (centimeters) (cm) in PAH cases only. 6MWD = 6-minute walk distance; NT-proBNP = N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide; TAPSE = tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.