Table 2.
Levels of sex hormone, metabolite, and cardiopulmonary markers in healthy controls and pulmonary arterial hypertension cases over one menstrual cycle (four study visits)
| Visit | Variable | Healthy Controls |
PAH Cases |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | Q1–Q3 | Min–Max | Median | Q1–Q3 | Min–Max | ||
| 1 | Estradiol, pg/ml | 33.8 | 26.6–49.9 | 5.0–79.8 | 47.9 | 29.1–60.9 | 22.9–330.2 |
| DHEA-S, μg/dl | 190.6 | 130.3–301.9 | 30.0–512.9 | 59.1 | 37.0–101.4 | 13.6–206.4 | |
| 16-OHE1, pg/ml | 6.0 | 6.0–6.0 | 6.0–181.3 | 6.0 | 6.0–6.0 | 6.0–6.0 | |
| 2-ME, pg/ml | 7.2 | 6.0–12.2 | 5.1–53.0 | 8.0 | 6.0–13.7 | 1.7–31.8 | |
| 6MWD, m | 496 | 384–530 | 320–613 | 429 | 385–499 | 238–586 | |
| NT-proBNP, pg/ml | 38.1 | 14.2–60.9 | 5.0–287.1 | 91.8 | 25.5–133.0 | 11.4–317.3 | |
| TAPSE, cm | — | — | — | 2.3 | 2.1–2.4 | 1.7–3.0 | |
| |
|
||||||
| Healthy Controls |
PAH Cases |
||||||
| 2 | Variable | Median | Q1–Q3 | Min–Max | Median | Q1–Q3 | Min–Max |
| Estradiol, pg/ml | 64.1 | 28.5–129.0 | 5.0–399.4 | 85.6 | 57.4–148.4 | 45.6–403.4 | |
| DHEA-S, μg/dl | 249.6 | 152.9–301.9 | 32.5–483.0 | 66.0 | 40.0–122.7 | 34.1–206.4 | |
| 16-OHE1, pg/ml | 6.0 | 6.0–6.0 | 2.1–295.9 | 6.0 | 6.0–6.0 | 6.0–6.0 | |
| 2-ME, pg/ml | 9.6 | 6.0–15.8 | 4.1–41.3 | 9.8 | 6.0–16.0 | 6.0–22.9 | |
| 6MWD, m | 497 | 413–534 | 331–628 | 434 | 379–490 | 263–579 | |
| NT-proBNP, pg/ml | 25 | 5.4–46.1 | 5.0–257.2 | 50.4 | 9.9–86.4 | 5.0–242.2 | |
| TAPSE, cm | — | — | — | 2.3 | 2.1–2.5 | 1.9–3.3 | |
| |
|
||||||
| Healthy Controls |
PAH Cases |
||||||
| 3 | Variable | Median | Q1–Q3 | Min–Max | Median | Q1–Q3 | Min–Max |
| Estradiol, pg/ml | 103.5 | 35.2–186.8 | 5.0–665.1 | 70.8 | 58.0–105.6 | 33.4–206.4 | |
| DHEA-S, μg/dl | 237.5 | 159.2–301.9 | 50.4–561.2 | 56.8 | 42.9–106.7 | 27.1–204.4 | |
| 16-OHE1, pg/ml | 6.0 | 6.0–6.0 | 2.1–267.7 | 6.0 | 6.0–6.0 | 6.0–7.2 | |
| 2-ME, pg/ml | 17.1 | 7.8–34.8 | 3.3–73.0 | 12.3 | 6.0–29.4 | 5.6–36.2 | |
| 6MWD, m | 491 | 386–516 | 320–624 | 398 | 335–498 | 183–555 | |
| NT-proBNP, pg/ml | 26.0 | 5.9–57.4 | 5.0–190.6 | 75.2 | 23.3–112.2 | 5.0–174.2 | |
| TAPSE, cm | — | — | — | 2.2 | 2.0–2.5 | 1.8–2.9 | |
| |
|
||||||
| Healthy Controls |
PAH Cases |
||||||
| 4 | Variable | Median | Q1–Q3 | Min–Max | Median | Q1–Q3 | Min–Max |
| Estradiol, pg/ml | 108.9 | 20.5–145.5 | 5.0–584.1 | 121.5 | 84.8–151.4 | 30.6–188.7 | |
| DHEA-S, μg/dl | 228.1 | 167.3–278.7 | 27.7–528.5 | 57.4 | 43.4–77.5 | 20.9–257.2 | |
| 16-OHE1, pg/ml | 6.0 | 6.0–6.0 | 6.0–75.2 | 6.0 | 6.0–6.0 | 6.0–6.0 | |
| 2-ME, pg/ml | 13.3 | 6.0–35.9 | 5.0–91.8 | 12.4 | 8.9–27.7 | 3.1–69.4 | |
| 6MWD, m | 487 | 410–532 | 319–606 | 428 | 384–478 | 210–566 | |
| NT-proBNP, pg/ml | 34.1 | 8.1–58.6 | 5.0–172.4 | 43.8 | 30.9–99.5 | 5.0–290.0 | |
| TAPSE, cm | — | — | — | 1.9 | 1.8–2.3 | 1.7–2.5 | |
Definition of abbreviations: 2-ME = 2-methoxyestrone; 6MWD = 6-minute walk distance; 16-OHE1 = 16α-hydroxyestrone; DHEA-S = dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate; min = minimum; max = maximum; NT-proBNP = N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide; PAH = pulmonary arterial hypertension; Q = quartile; TAPSE = tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.