Table 4.
Psychosocial Measures and Substance Use at Baseline, 4 Months, and 8 Months by Study Arm
| Intervention |
Waitlist control |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline |
4 Months |
8 Months |
Baseline |
4 Months |
8 Months |
|
| N = 25 | N = 23 | N = 17 | N = 25 | N = 20 | N = 17 | |
| PHQ-9, N (%) | ||||||
| None–minimal | 11 (44.0) | 10 (43.5) | 5 (29.4) | 12 (48.0) | 12 (60.0) | 10 (58.8) |
| Mild | 5 (20.0) | 5 (21.7) | 8 (47.1) | 9 (36.0) | 5 (25.0) | 5 (29.4) |
| Moderate–severe | 9 (36.0) | 8 (34.8) | 4 (23.5) | 4 (24.0) | 3 (15.0) | 2 (11.8) |
| PCL, N (%) | ||||||
| PTSD unlikely | 18 (72.0) | 18 (78.3) | 15 (88.2) | 23 (92.0) | 17 (85.0) | 16 (94.1) |
| PTSD likely | 7 (28.0) | 5 (21.7) | 2 (11.8) | 2 (8.0) | 3 (15.0) | 1 (5.9) |
| PSQI, N (%) | ||||||
| Good sleep quality | 10 (40.0) | 9 (39.1) | 6 (35.3) | 5 (20.0) | 6 (30.0) | 8 (47.1) |
| Poor sleep quality | 14 (56.0) | 12 (52.2) | 11 (64.7) | 19 (76.0) | 13 (65.0) | 7 (41.2) |
| Missing | 1 (4.0) | 2 (8.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.0) | 1 (5.0) | 2 (11.8) |
| GAD, N (%) | ||||||
| No further evaluation recommended | 18 (72.0) | 16 (69.6) | 16 (94.1) | 19 (76.0) | 16 (80.0) | 16 (94.1) |
| Further evaluation recommended | 7 (28.0) | 7 (30.4) | 1 (5.9) | 6 (24.0) | 4 (20.0) | 1 (5.9) |
| HIV stigma mechanism, mean (SD) | 7.6 (4.3) | 8.7 (3.5) | 8.8 (5.0) | 8.5 (3.8) | 8.6 (3.5) | 7.8 (2.9) |
| SAMHSA mental health stigma assessment, mean (SD) | 9.8 (7.8) | 9.0 (7.0) | 8.7 (6.9) | 8.2 (6.9) | 7.2 (6.6) | 5.2 (6.2) |
| PROMIS Item Bank–social Isolation score, mean (SD) | 38.2 (15.6) | 35.4 (16.0) | 38.4 (14.0) | 30.2 (10.2) | 29.5 (11.4) | 26.2 (9.5) |
| Brief resilience scale, mean (SD) | 3.6 (0.9) | 3.6 (0.9) | 3.6 (0.6) | 3.3 (0.7) | 3.4 (0.9) | 3.3 (0.7) |
| HCP empowerment, mean (SD) | 15.2 (5.2) | 17.0 (6.4) | 16.8 (5.7) | 18.4 (9.1) | 20.4 (9.3) | 18.2 (2.1) |
| AUDIT, N (%) | ||||||
| Low risk | 18 (72.0) | 16 (69.6) | 12 (70.6) | 16 (64.0) | 14 (70.0) | 12 (70.6) |
| Moderate–dependent | 7 (28.0) | 7 (30.4) | 5 (29.4) | 9 (36.0) | 6 (30.0) | 5 (29.4) |
| DAST, N (%) | ||||||
| No problem–low | 19 (76.0) | 19 (82.6) | 14 (82.4) | 16 (64.0) | 14 (70.0) | 11 (64.7) |
| Moderate–severe | 6 (24.0) | 4 (17.4) | 3 (17.6) | 9 (36.0) | 6 (30.0) | 6 (35.3) |
| ASSISTa, N (%) | ||||||
| No | 23 (92.0) | 21 (91.3) | 16 (94.1) | 20 (80.0) | 15 (75.0) | 15 (88.2) |
| Yes | 2 (8.0) | 2 (8.7) | 1 (5.9) | 5 (20.0) | 5 (25.0) | 2 (11.8) |
| SAMHSA alcohol stigma assessment, mean (SD) | 11.1 (8.2) | 9.9 (6.8) | 8.8 (7.1) | 8.7 (8.2) | 7.7 (6.5) | 7.9 (7.1) |
| SAMHSA drug use stigma assessment, mean (SD) | 12.7 (8.7) | 12.1 (7.4) | 12.0 (8.9) | 11.6 (8.7) | 8.3 (7.2) | 9.5 (7.7) |
a
Monthly or more frequent drug use (besides marijuana or tobacco), or daily use of marijuana or tobacco.
ASSIST, Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test; AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; DAST, Drug Abuse Screening Test; GAD, Generalized Anxiety Disorder; HCP, health care provider; PCL-5, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire; PROMIS, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; SAMHSA, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.