Fig. 3 |. Virtuous cycles in human genomics research and clinical care.

As human genomics has matured as a discipline, productive and connected virtuous cycles of activity have emerged, each self-improving with successive rounds of new advances. The cycle on the left reflects basic genomics research, in which technology innovations spur the collection and analysis of genomics research data, often yielding new knowledge and additional hypotheses for testing. The cycle on the right reflects a genomic learning healthcare system, in which the implementation of new genomic medicine practice innovations allows for the collection and analysis of outcomes data, often yielding new genomic knowledge and additional genomics-based strategies for improving the quality of clinical care. Note that the new knowledge emerging from either the left or right cycle has the potential to feed into the other, creating opportunities for “bench to bedside” and “bedside back to bench” progressions⁸² – both of which are expected to grow in the coming decade.