Table 1.

Construct definitions and model assumptions.

Model variable	Definition	Model assumptions	References
Performance expectancy	Refers to the patients’ judgment of the benefit of mobile medical services	Performance expectancy has a positive impact on the patients’ willingness to use online hospitals	Venkatesh et al [18] Hoque and Sorwar [19] Hoque et al [20]
Effort expectancy	Refers to the patients’ judgment of the ease of acceptance and use of mobile medical services	Effort expectancy has a positive impact on the patients’ willingness to use online hospitals	Xue et al [21] Alalwan et al [22] Shareef et al [23]
Social influence	Refers to the external influence that patients perceive when using the online hospital app	Social influence has a positive impact on the patients’ willingness to use online hospitals	Nguyen et al [24] Hoque and Sorwar [19]
Perceived risk	Refers to the patients’ perception of possible adverse consequences through online hospital visits	Perceived risk has a negative impact on the patients’ willingness to use online hospitals	Kim and Park [25] Hsieh [26]
Facilitating conditions	Refers to whether the existing online hospital platform, technology, service-supporting measures, and personal equipment are sufficient to support mobile medical services	Facilitating conditions have a positive impact on the patients’ willingness to use online hospitals	Cilliers et al [27]