Table 3.
Immune checkpoint expression, clinicopathological characteristics and cancer‐specific survival in CRC patients
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual checkpoints | CICSS | |||||
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age (<65/>65 years) | 1.03 (0.80–1.33) | 0.815 | – | – | – | – |
| Sex (male/female) | 1.13 (0.88–1.44) | 0.333 | – | – | – | – |
| Tumour site (colon/rectum) | 0.98 (0.84–1.14) | 0.775 | – | – | – | – |
| T‐stage (1/2/3/4) | 1.94 (1.60–2.34) | <0.001 | 0.96 (0.34–2.73) | 0.938 | 0.98 (0.35–2.73) | 0.974 |
| N‐stage (0/1/2) | 2.06 (1.77–2.41) | <0.001 | 1.07 (0.53–2.16) | 0.862 | 1.15 (0.57–2.32) | 0.691 |
| TNM stage (I/II/III) | 2.48 (2.01–3.06) | <0.001 | 2.72 (1.59–4.66) | <0.001 | 2.76 (1.63–4.67) | <0.001 |
| Ki67 index (low/high) | 0.67 (0.53–0.86) | 0.001 | 1.06 (0.49–2.28) | 0.891 | 1.27 (0.67–2.43) | 0.459 |
| Tumour differentiation (well/poor) | 2.02 (1.45–2.82) | <0.001 | 1.10 (0.50–2.44) | 0.812 | 1.11 (0.51–2.43) | 0.796 |
| Tumour budding (low/high) | 1.30 (1.00–1.71) | 0.060 | – | – | – | – |
| Tumour necrosis (low/high) | 1.30 (1.01–1.66) | 0.040 | 1.16 (0.63–2.12) | 0.641 | 1.27 (0.71–2.27) | 0.415 |
| Tumour perforation (absent/present) | 1.56 (1.27–1.92) | <0.001 | 2.66 (1.61–4.40) | <0.001 | 2.64 (1.56–4.36) | <0.001 |
| Margin involvement (absent/involved) | 3.44 (2.35–5.04) | <0.001 | 1.43 (0.62–3.28) | 0.399 | 1.81 (0.84–3.90) | 0.132 |
| Venous invasion (absent/present) | 2.14 (1.68–2.73) | <0.001 | 1.72 (0.98–3.02) | 0.059 | 1.63 (0.92–2.88) | 0.093 |
| Peritoneal involvement (uninvolved/involved) | 2.56 (2.01–3.27) | <0.001 | 1.03 (0.53–2.02) | 0.921 | 0.92 (0.48–1.77) | 0.795 |
| MMR status (deficient/competent) | 0.83 (0.59–1.16) | 0.274 | – | – | – | – |
| TSP (low/high) | 1.95 (1.50–2.52) | <0.001 | 1.27 (0.22–7.175) | 0.789 | 1.17 (0.21–6.60) | 0.863 |
| CD3 cancer cell nest (low/high) | 0.56 (0.43–0.73) | <0.001 | 0.82 (0.41–1.64) | 0.572 | 1.02 (0.50–2.06) | 0.960 |
| CD3 stroma (low/high) | 0.59 (0.45–0.76) | <0.001 | 0.613 (0.35–1.08) | 0.093 | 0.51 (0.29–0.88) | 0.016 |
| K‐M score (low‐grade/high‐grade) | 0.40 (0.29–0.55) | <0.001 | 0.50 (0.16–1.59) | 0.240 | 0.44 (0.14–1.38) | 0.160 |
| GMS (0/1/2) | 1.89 (1.58–2.26) | <0.001 | 2.20 (1.46–3.32) | <0.001 | 2.00 (1.34–2.99) | 0.001 |
| CRP (normal/high) | 2.09 (1.60–2.73) | <0.001 | 0.60 (0.05–7.88) | 0.699 | 0.32 (0.03–3.62) | 0.358 |
| Albumin (low/normal) | 2.13 (1.61–2.82) | <0.001 | 0.687 (0.28–1.71) | 0.421 | 0.87 (0.37–2.04) | 0.751 |
| mGPS (0/1/2) | 1.77 (1.50–2.08) | <0.001 | 1.91 (1.31–2.77) | 0.001 | 1.82 (1.25–2.67) | 0.002 |
| NLR (low/high) | 1.43 (1.08–1.91) | 0.013 | 0.74 (0.35–1.57) | 0.436 | 0.86 (0.41–1.81) | 0.691 |
| Immune checkpoint expression | ||||||
| TIM‐3 tumour (low/high) | 0.78 (0.53–1.14) | 0.190 | – | – | – | – |
| TIM‐3 stromal immune cells (low/high) | 0.60 (0.42–0.84) | 0.003 | 0.75 (0.43–1.30) | 0.306 | – | – |
| LAG‐3 tumour (low/high) | 1.45 (1.00–2.09) | 0.051 | – | – | – | – |
| LAG‐3 stromal immune cells (low/high) | 0.58 (0.40–0.87) | 0.007 | 0.50 (0.28–0.88) | 0.017 | – | – |
| PD‐1 tumour (low/high) | 1.34 (1.00–1.78) | 0.049 | 0.810 (0.42–1.55) | 0.523 | – | – |
| PD‐1 stromal immune cells (low/high) | 0.65 (0.49–0.86) | 0.002 | 1.48 (0.84–2.61) | 0.172 | – | – |
| CICSS (1/2/3) | 0.57 (0.42–0.78) | <0.001 | – | – | 0.856 (0.55–1.33) | 0.486 |