Experimental approach and characterization of blood CD45+ immune cells. A: experimental outline showing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collection and mass cytometry analysis. B: t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) plot of major immune cells in PBMCs. Cells are colored on the basis of cell types. C: heat map of major immune cells in PBMCs, clustered by their relative expression of the markers. D: t-SNE projections of major immune cells in PBMCs: 100,000, 100,000 and 80,000 cells from the healthy control (HC), acute phase (AP), and convalescent phase (CP) groups, respectively. E: relative fractions of major immune cells in blood CD45+-immune cells from the HC, AP, and CP group. F: percentage of major immune cells in blood CD45+ immune cells from the HC (n = 5), AP (n = 5), and CP group (n = 4). Adjusted P values are based on two-way ANOVA tests with Bonferroni’s post hoc correction between groups. ****Significant with adjusted P < 0.0001.