Table 3.

The association between OHIP 14 score, PAS, NAS, and demographic characteristics.

Variables		Crude IRR	p value	Adjusted IRR	p value
Age	16–24	Reference
	25–34	1.00 (0.83, 1.20)	0.974	0.95 (0.078, 1.17)	0.662
	35–44	1.14 (0.92, 1.40)	0.224	1.05 (0.82, 1.34)	0.686
	>45	1.40 (1.09, 1.79)	0.008∗	1.25 (0.94, 1.67)	0.129
Sex	Male	Reference
	Female	0.99 (0.85, 1.15)	0.882	0.97 (0.82, 1.16)	0.768
Employment status	Not employed	Reference
	Employed	0.96 (0.83, 1.11)	0.558	0.98 (0.83, 1.16)	0.858
Education	Primary school	Reference
	High school	0.92 (0.73, 1.16)	0.477	0.90 (0.70, 1.14)	0.384
	College	0.82 (0.82, 1.41)	0.591	1.14 (0.86, 1.50)	0.359
	Higher	0.84 (0.66, 1.07)	0.155	0.91 (0.71, 1.18)	0.490
Living area	Urban	Reference
	Suburban	1.24 (0.92, 1.66)	0.152	1.28 (0.93, 1.76)	0.130
	Rural	1.14 (0.81, 1.61)	0.454	1.15 (0.79, 1.66)	0.462
Losing any tooth	No	Reference
	Yes	1.38 (1.15, 1.66)	<0.0001∗∗	1.18 (0.96, 1.45)	0.120
Self-assessment of oral health	Poor	Reference
	Fair	0.75 (0.63, 0.90)	0.002∗∗	0.81 (0.66, 0.99)	0.041∗
	Good	0.65 (0.54, 0.77)	<0.0001∗∗	0.70 (0.52, 1.08)	<0.0001∗∗
	Very good	0.61 (0.44, 0.86)	0.004∗∗	0.75 (0.52, 1.08)	0.123
	Excellent	0.82 (0.50, 1.34)	0.426	0.94 (0.55, 1.58)	0.806
PAS	—	0.98 (0.97, 1.00)	0.004∗∗	0.98 (0.97, 1.00)	0.033∗
NAS	—	1.01 (1.00, 1.02)	0.041∗	1.01 (0.99, 1.02)	0.131

^∗∗Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level. ^∗Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level.