Table 1.
Baseline characteristics (n = 200)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Age, y | 64.2 ± 19.2 |
| Gender, male | 121 (60.5) |
| Body surface area, m2 | 2.1 ± 1.9 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 30 (15) |
| Congestive heart failure | 22 (11) |
| Status post coronary artery bypass graft | 10 (5) |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 34 (17) |
| Transient ischemic attack/stroke | 21 (10.5) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 13 (6.5) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 57 (28.5) |
| Hypertension | 109 (54.5) |
| Obesity | 49 (24.5) |
| Chronic medications | |
| Direct oral anticoagulant | 28 (14) |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | 40 (20) |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker | 26 (13) |
| β-blocker | 52 (26) |
| Systemic corticosteroid | 10 (5) |
| Laboratory values on admission | |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.1 ± 2 |
| Lymphocytes, 103/μL | 1.2 ± 0.7 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.89 (0.73–1.22) |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL | 23.9 ± 19.6 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 72.3 ± 71.1 |
| Troponin I, ng/L | 9 (4–21.5) |
| Troponin I > 28 ng/L | 36 (19) |
| BNP, pg/mL | 45 (18–141) |
| BNP > 80 pg/mL | 56 (31) |
| d-dimer, mg/L | 1.66 ± 1.5 |
| d-dimer > 0.5 mg/L | 138 (72) |
| Physical examination on admission | |
| Lung crackles | 28 (19) |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 85 ± 17 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 134 ± 22 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 73 ± 15 |
| O2 saturation, % | 95 (90–98) |
| Temperature, °C | 37.1 (36.7–37.9) |
| Chest radiographic findings on admission | |
| Lobar infiltration | 31 (16) |
| Bilateral infiltration | 76 (39) |
| Pleural effusion | 25 (13) |
| Clinical assessment scores on admission | |
| SOFA score | 1 (0–3) |
| MEWS | 4 (2–6) |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD, number (percentage), or median (interquartile range).
BNP, Brain natriuretic peptide.