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. 2021 Jan 26;14:626610. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2020.626610

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Copyright © 2021 Muthiah, Housley, Klugmann and Fröhlich.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Potential pathomechanisms underlying HBSL. These hypothesized modes of dysfunction in HBSL are based on current knowledge of DARS1, the MSC, and secondary functions of ARSs (Lee et al., 2004; Guo et al., 2010; Pang et al., 2014; Frohlich et al., 2017). (A,B) Offer two alternative explanations for the disruption of secondary AspRS function. AspRS, Aspartyl-tRNA Synthetase; ER, Endoplasmic Reticulum; UPR, Unfolded Protein Response; MSC, Multi-tRNA Synthetase Complex; ARS, Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase.