Table 3.
Reasons for Withdrawal Associated with Adverse Events/Effects
| Authors, Year | Journal | Name of Intervention | Intervention Type | Design | Reasons for Participant Withdrawal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bieleninik et al., 2017 | JAMA | Improvisation Music Therapy | Sensory-based | RCT | Child health issue that resulted in hospitalization* |
| Clionsky, 2012 | ProQuest Dissertations & Theses | PCIT or CDIT | Other | RCT | Only two families in the Immediate Treatment group dropped out of the study after initiating treatment. In one case, a primary caregiver was in the midst of a difficult divorce.* |
| Fletcher-Watson et al., 2016 | Autism | FindMe iPad App | Technology-based | RCT | The two children who dropped out of the study citing lack of enjoyment of the app as their reason did play the app less than most others (105 and 159min, respectively)** |
| Fridenson-Hayo et al., 2017 | European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry | Emotiplay Serious Game | Technology-based | RCT | The reasons for children’s failure to complete the intervention included children’s lack of interest in the Serious Game and medical reasons** |
| Ingersoll et al., 2016 | JADD | ImPACT Online | NDBI | RCT | Family crisis* |
| LaGasse, 2014 | Journal of Music Therapy | Music Therapy | Sensory-based | RCT | The Music Therapy group experienced 10% attrition, with one child taken off the study due to illness that led to excessive absences* |
| Malow et al., 2014 | JADD | Individual Parent Sleep Education | Other | RCT | Six children could not tolerate the actigraphy device** |
| Page, 2012 | ProQuest Dissertations & Theses | Therapeutic Horseback Riding | Animal-assisted | Quasi | The child became uninterested in and slightly fearful of the horses** |
| Roberts et al., 2011 | RASD | Center-based Building Blocks Program | NDBI | Quasi | One participant withdrew as a result of a staff decision that he was too stressed in the small group setting** |
| Sallows & Graupner, 2005 | American Journal on Mental Retardation | Intensive Behavioral Treatment | Behavioral | RCT | One girl was placed in foster care after 1 year of treatment, and the foster parents did not wish to continue treatment for her* |
| Salt et al., 2002 | Autism | Scottish Early Intervention Program | Developmental | Quasi | Two twin boys discontinued attendance owing to being taken into social work care following a change in family circumstances* |
| Sampanthavivat et al., 2012 | Diving & Hyperbaric Medicine | Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy | Other | RCT | …another boy in the sham group dropped out following a febrile convulsion** |
| Solomon, 2014 | JDBP | PLAY/DIR floortime | Developmental | RCT | Caregiver went to jail* |
| Silva et al., 2015 | Autism Research & Treatment | Qigong (QST) Massage Treatment | Sensory-based | RCT | Parent’s poor health, family crisis* |
| Tellegen & Sanders, 2014 | JCCP | Primary Care Stepping Stones Triple P | Other | RCT | Parental psychopathology* |
| Thompson et al., 2014 | Child: Care, Health, & Development | Family-Centered Music Therapy | Sensory-based | RCT | Discontinued intervention due to illness* |
| Whitehouse et al., 2017 | JCPP | TOBY App | Technology-based | RCT | Child did not enjoy TOBY app** |
| Williams et al., 2012 | JCPP | Transporters Program for Children with Autism | Technology-based | RCT | Withdrew due to behavioral problems preventing child watching DVD** |
Note. CDIT = Child-directed interaction therapy, DIR = Developmental, Individual-differences, & Relationship-based, E = Experimental group, JADD = Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, JAMA = Journal of American Medical Association, JCCP = Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, JCPP = Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, JDBP = Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, NDBI = Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions, PCIT = Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, PLAY = Play and Language for Autistic Youngsters, Quasi = Quasi-experimental, RASD = Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, RCT = Randomized Controlled Trial, S= Sham Group, TOBY = Therapy Outcomes By You.
Adverse Event
Adverse Effect