Table 1:
Model Characteristics | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Z-Score Model | PHN1 | Boston20 | Italy2 | Detroit6 |
Reference | Lopez, 2017 | Boston Z-Scores* | Cantinotti, 2017 | Pettersen, 2008 |
Model Regression# | y = m×BSAα | y = m×BSAα (y = β + m×BSAα for the coronary arteries) | ln(y) = b + (m×ln[BSA]) | ln(y) = b + (m1×BSA) + (m2×BSA2) + (m3×BSA3) |
Data Source | 19 centers | 1 center | 1 center | 1 center |
Sample Size | 3215 | >2000 | 1151 | 782 |
Study Population | 1) Weight-forlength Z <2 if <2 years old 2) BMI < 95th percentile if ≥2 years old 3) Gestational age ≥37 weeks 4) No structural or congenital heart disease 5) No systemic disorder with cardiovascular manifestations 6) No family history of left heart disease or cardiomyopathy | 1) Weight >2.5 kg 2) BSA >0.18 m2 3) −2 > BMI Z > 2 4) No premature babies 5) No structural or congenital heart disease 6) No systemic disorder with cardiovascular manifestations 7) No family history of left heart disease or cardiomyopathy |
1) Weight-forlength Z <2 if <2 years old 2) BMI < 95th percentile if ≥2 years old 3) Premature babies included 4) No structural or congenital heart disease 5) No systemic disorder with cardiovascular manifestations 6) No family history of genetic cardiac disease | 1) No obese subjects 2) BSA <2 m2 3) No reference to gestational age or BMI 4) No structural or congenital heart disease 5) No systemic disorder with cardiovascular manifestations 6) No family history of genetic cardiac disease |
Race Data | Multiracial | Not reported | Caucasian | Not reported |
Observers | 2 | Multiple | 1 | Multiple |
(BMI = body mass index, BSA = body surface area, PHN = Pediatric Heart Network).
The original publication from Boston involved only 496 children (8), but the regression equations used for comparison in this study were based on data from >2000 children with variable sample sizes for each parameter.19
y = measurement value; b = intercept; m, m1, m2, m3 = slope values.