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Hippocampal gene expression of IL-1β (A), IL-6 (B), TNFα (C), HMGB1 (D), NLRP3 (E), TLR2 (F), and TLR4 (G) in young and aged, laparotomized, (−)morphine-treated rats compared to controls two weeks post-surgery. Error bars represent S.E.M.*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001.
