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. 2020 Nov 30;25(2):338–348. doi: 10.1007/s10995-020-03063-6

Table 2.

Comparison of breastfed and non-breastfed children with regard to consumer percentages and consumer means for type of bread, SSB and fruit intake

Breastfed Non-Breastfed P-value
Consumer percentage
P-value Consumer intake
Nconsumer (%) Consumer intake Nconsumer (%) Consumer intake
Bread score
 Breakfast 733 (94.7%) 3.15 ± 1.08 433 (92.9%) 2.97 ± 1.05 0.216 0.007
 Lunch at school 475 (61.4%) 3.30 ± 1.14 257 (55.2%) 3.21 ± 1.11 0.032 0.191
 Lunch at home 741 (95.7%) 3.15 ± 1.14 453 (97.2%) 3.02 ± 1.11 0.216 0.050
 Dinner 93 (12.0%) 3.05 ± 1.27 57 (12.2%) 2.75 ± 1.14 0.928 0.149
 Total 771 (99.6%) 3.18 ± 1.09 465 (99.8%) 3.01 ± 1.07 1.000 0.007
Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption frequency
 Breakfast 520 (67.2%) 4.76 ± 2.55 352 (75.5%) 4.97 ± 2.50 0.002 0.302
 In the morning 741 (95.7%) 5.89 ± 1.60 449 (96.4%) 5.83 ± 1.90 0.657 0.301
 Lunch at school 342 (44.2%) 1.97 ± 1.48 214 (45.9%) 2.04 ± 1.50 0.556 0.523
 Lunch at home 545 (70.4%) 4.32 ± 2.79 365 (78.3%) 4.91 ± 2.60 0.002  < 0.001
 In the afternoon 750 (96.9%) 6.24 ± 2.09 453 (97.2%) 6.53 ± 2.59 0.864 0.105
 Dinner 319 (41.2%) 4.13 ± 2.51 193 (41.4%) 4.36 ± 2.58 0.953 0.405
 In the evening 354 (45.7%) 4.06 ± 2.55 271 (58.2%) 4.49 ± 2.89  < 0.001 0.221
 Total 770 (99.5%) 22.5 ± 9.71 464 (99.6%) 25.0 ± 10.5 1.000  < 0.001
Fruit consumption frequency
 Breakfast 128 (16.5%) 2.38 ± 1.97 78 (16.7%) 2.71 ± 2.10 0.937 0.276
 In the morning 721 (93.2%) 4.87 ± 1.44 422 (90.6%) 4.73 ± 1.47 0.103 0.091
 Lunch at school 123 (15.9%) 1.41 ± 1.23 72 (15.5%) 1.64 ± 1.20 0.872 0.137
 Lunch at home 162 (20.9%) 3.15 ± 2.17 98 (21.0%) 3.77 ± 1.98 1.000 0.023
 In the afternoon 447 (57.8%) 3.19 ± 1.67 223 (47.9%) 2.99 ± 1.52 0.001 0.168
 Dinner 148 (19.1%) 2.31 ± 1.74 57 (12.2%) 2.36 ± 1.92 0.002 0.938
 In the evening 188 (24.3%) 2.56 ± 1.87 136 (29.2%) 3.22 ± 1.82 0.062 0.001
 Total 754 (97.4%) 8.96 ± 4.55 448 (96.1%) 8.78 ± 4.66 0.234 0.309

Bold: p < 0.05, Nbreastfed = 774, Nnon-breastfed = 466

Results are shown as number of consumers (%) and the mean ± SD among consumers. Note that bread consumption is reported as a ratio score between whole wheat, brown and white bread whereas beverage and fruit consumption is reported as the estimated frequency of consumption per week