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. 2021 Jan 26;11:620655. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.620655

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Copyright © 2021 Guo, Xiaokereti, Meng, Cao, Sun, Zhou, Zhang and Tang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Echocardiography shows images of the LA among the three groups. (B) The LA gradually and significantly increased after OSA, and the LA decreased through LLVS treatment. (C) There was no statistically significant difference in RA among the three groups. (D) OSA-induced FS gradually shorten in the OSA group, and LLVS treatment significantly increased FS. (E) Changes in the mitochondrial and stellate ganglion (F) by transmission electron microscopy among the three groups. ^**p<0.05 vs. the control group; ^#p<0.05 vs. the OSA+LLVS group; LA, left atrium; RA, right atrium; FS, fractional shortening; BS, baseline; H, hours.