Figure 3.

The NASH environment induces changes in the Kupffer cell niche. NAFLD and NASH alter the Kupffer cell microenvironment. Within the sinusoid, NASH increases the amount of LPS, oxidized LDL, and cholesterol circulating in portal blood(A). In Kupffer cells NASH is associated with a loss of LXR at Kupffer cell specific enhancers and the recruitment of LXR to de novo NASH enhancers in collaboration with ATF3 (B). The blue-red expression heatmap shows expression (in TPM) normalized such that expression in homeostatic Kupffer cells is equal to 1 (C). Data in panel (C) were adapted from Seidman et al. (21).