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. 2021 Feb 8;11:116. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01229-6

Fig. 2. Modafinil ameliorates ovariectomy-induced spatial memory deficits in the Morris water-maze test.

Fig. 2

a The Morris water-maze test (MWT) was conducted on the next morning after modafinil (MOD) was administered the night before. Serum was collected for estradiol evaluation using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). b The platform-landing rate, denoting the percentage of trials in which the submerged platform was found without guidance among the four trials for each mouse per day, of each group during the seven training days. c The average latencies of mice in different groups to find the hidden platform on each day of the seven training days. d–g Typical swimming traces of the mouse in the Sham+Vehicle (Veh) (d), OVX+Veh (e), OVX+MOD 11.25 mg/kg (f), and OVX+MOD 45 mg/kg (g) groups recorded on the seventh training day. h Average swimming speed of mice in different groups during the seven training days [group: F(3, 56) = 4.203, p = 0.0094]. i–k The memory of the platform location was assessed in a probe trial in the absence of the platform on the eighth day morning, while MOD was intraperitoneally injected at 19:00 on the seventh day of MOD treatment. The time spent in the target quadrant (TQ) [F(3, 56) = 3.883, p = 0.0136] (i), entries into the TQ [F(3, 56) =5.504, p = 0.0022] (j), and mean swimming speed during the 1-min probe test [F(3, 56) = 4.962, p = 0.0040] (k). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared with the Sham+Veh group; #p < 0.05 compared with OVX+Veh group; ▵p < 0.05, ▵▵p < 0.01 compared with OVX+MOD 11.25 mg/kg group. Sham+Veh, OVX+MOD 45 mg/kg: n = 17 per group, OVX+Veh: n = 19, OVX+MOD 11.25 mg/kg: n = 7.