Table 2.

Performance Characteristics of Nasopharyngeal and Non-nasopharyngeal Swab Detection Methods for SARS-CoV-2 by Various Reference Standards^a

Swab	Reference Standard	Sensitivityb	Adjusted Sensitivityb	Specificityb	NPVb	Adjusted NPVb	PPVb
NP	Gargle + NP	0.98 (0.92–1.00)	0.88 (0.83–0.92)		1.00 (0.99–1.00)	1.00 (0.98–1.00)
Gargle	Gargle + NP	0.89 (0.79–0.96)	0.90 (0.86–0.94)		0.99 (0.97–0.99)	1.00 (0.98–1.00)
Gargle	NP	0.89 (0.79–0.96)	0.89 (0.79–0.95)	1.00 (0.99–1.00)	0.99 (0.97–0.99)	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	1.00 (0.94–1.00)
NP	Oral + NP	0.98 (0.90–1.00)	0.92 (0.84–0.97)		1.00 (0.99–1.00)	1.00 (0.95–1.00)
Oral	Oral + NP	0.80 (0.68–0.90)	0.82 (0.72–0.89)		0.98 (0.97–0.99)	1.00 (0.95–1.00)
Oral	NP	0.80 (0.67–0.90)	0.80 (0.67–0.89)	1.00 (0.99–1.00)	0.98 (0.97–0.99)	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.98 (0.88–1.00)
NP	Oral–Anterior Nasal + NP	0.95 (0.84–0.99)	0.89 (0.80–0.95)		0.99 (0.98–1.00)	1.00 (0.95–1.00)
Oral–Anterior Nasal	Oral–Anterior Nasal + NP	0.86 (0.71–0.95)	0.87 (0.77–0.93)		0.98 (0.96–0.99)	1.00 (0.95–1.00)
Oral–Anterior Nasal	NP	0.85 (0.70–0.94)	0.85 (0.70–0.93)	0.99 (0.98–1.00)	0.98 (0.96–0.99)	0.99 (0.99–1.00)	0.94 (0.81–0.99)

Note. NP, nasopharyngeal; NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value.

^a Unadjusted and adjusted (by inverse probability weighting) for the testing subsample were calculated.

^b Data shown with 95% confidence intervals.