TABLE 1.

The common reported phenolic and flavonoid compounds found in Tualang, Gelam, and Manuka honey as well as each of their respective quantitative data. design and study outcome of reported.

Author	Type of honey	Common reported phenolic and flavonoid compounds (µg/100 g honey)
Sarfarz and Nor Hayati (2013); Khalil et al. (2011)	Tualang honey	Catechin	12.9–35.6
		Caffeic acid	2.5–3.2
		Benzoic acid	0.2–1.0
		Naringenin	0.6
		Trans-cinnamic acid	0.01–0.5
		Gallic acid	0.4–0.4
		Kaempferol	0.02–0.2
		Syringic acid	0.02–0.1
		p-Coumaric acid	0.04
		Luteolin	ND
		Hyacinthin	ND
Putri Shuhaili et al. (2016); Hussein et al. (2011)	Gelam honey	Quercetin	1,588.9–1,594.3
		Chrysin	1,498.6–1,504.6
		Hesperetin	1,475.2–1,477.8
		Gallic acid	859.4–876.8
		Ellagic acid	558.8–575.7
		Chlorogenic acid	502.8–528.1
		Caffeic acid	428.8–442.0
		Ferulic acid	356.9–381.4
		p-Coumaric acid	301.5–308.3
Alvarez-Suarez et al. (2014); Sarfarz and Nor Hayati (2013); Yao et al. (2003)	Manuka honey	Quercetin	180–550	4-Methoxybenzoic acid	ND
		Isorhamnetin	320–470	Abscisic acid	ND
		Chrysin	370–400	Methyl syringate	ND
		Luteolin	130–430	Phenyllactic acid	ND
		Pinocembrin	150–230	2-Methoxybenzoic acid	ND
		Kaempferol	130–260	(4-Methoxyphenyl)-acetic acid	ND
		Protocatechuic acid	45.7–53.7	Pinostrobin chalcone	ND
		Syringic acid	37–43	Desoxyanisoin	ND
		Genistic acid	24.7–36.1	Methyl syringate	ND
		Gallic acid	24.2–34.6	3,5-Dimethoxybenzoic acid	ND
		Benzoic acid	6.5–29.9	3-Phenyllactic acid	ND
		Protocatechualdehyde	6.3–20.1	Salicylic acid	ND
		Caffeic acid	17.2–18.6	Apigenin	ND
		Chlorogenic	16.1–16.9	Tectochrysin	ND
		p-Coumaric acid	ND	8-Methoxykaempferol	ND
		Myricetin	ND	Isoferulic acid	ND
		Pinobanksin	ND	Galangin	ND

ND, no data.